Climate Сhange and Human Development in the Russian Federation Pechenkina Vera Summer School of the Central European University 4 July 2012

THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION occupying 17,075,400 square kilometers - the largest country in the world; covering more than an eighth of the Earth’s land area; shares borders with the 15 countries; comprising 83 federal subjects, is a semi-presidential republic; spanning 11 time zones; has 142 million people, it is the ninth largest by population; contain the world's greatest reserves of mineral and energy resources; has the world's largest forest reserves and its lakes contain approximately one-quarter of the world's unfrozen fresh water.

CLIMATE CHANGE

DISASTER CLASSIFICATIONS AND DEFINITIONS Disaster Generic Disaster Group & DefinitionDisaster Type (and Sub-type) Natural disaster Geophysical: events originating from solid earth: Earthquake (Ground shaking, Tsunami); Volcano (Volcanic eruption); Mass movement (Rockfall, Avalanche, Landslide, Subsidence). Meteorological: events caused by short- lived/small to meso scale atmospheric processes (ranging from minutes to days) Storm (Tropical; Extra-tropical etc) Hydrological: events caused by deviations in the normal water cycle and/or overflow of bodies of water caused by wind set-up Flood (River flood, Flash flood, Storm surge/Coastal flood etc) Climatological: events caused by long- lived/meso to macro scale processes (ranging from intra-seasonal to multi-decadal climate variability) Extreme temperature (Heat wave, Cold wave etc); Drought; Wild fire. Biological: disaster caused by the exposure of living organisms to germs and toxic substances Epidemic (viral, bacterial, parasitic, fungal infectious diseases); Insect infestation; Animal stampede Extra-terrestrialMeteorit/Asteorit

Number of people affected by natural disasters

NATURAL DISASTERS IN RUSSIA past 30 years: 139 natural disasters, affecting 4,270,425 people killing 61,120 people years More than 2,300 people were affected, and 101 people killed, total damage about US $ billion, the average US $ 0.3 billion affected per year.

NUMBER OF HAZARD FACTS CASES ADVERSE EVENTS WHICH MADE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC LOSSES

DROUGHTS 2003  affected a million people;  damaged the crops the large areas: Adygea, Kalmykia, Chita Region, Ust-Orda, and Aga-Buryat Autonomous Districts 2010  caused economic damages of US $ 11,4 billion worth

FOREST FIRES Years Number of forest’s fires, thousands Forest area covered by fires, thousands hectares Fires, for reasons of their occurrence, percent caused by population By natural factors ,0 22,4 33,1 27,2 19,2 32,5 17,8 360,1 1328,6 2352,8 543,3 845,3 1493,5 1036, Years Number of forest’s fires, thousands Forest area covered by fires, thousands hectares Fires, for reasons of their occurrence, % caused by population by natural factors ,0 22,4 33,1 27,2 19,2 32,5 17,8 360,1 1328,6 2352,8 543,3 845,3 1493,5 1036,

FLOODS affecting 1,792,642 people floods in 2002 killed 167 people

CLIMATE CHANGE CONSIQUENCES negatively affects fundamental pre-requisites for health:  clean air and water  sufficient food  adequate sanitary shelter  freedom from disease

THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

KEY DATA FOR THE 10 LARGEST CO2 EMITTERS Country CCPI Rank Share of Global CO2 Emissions* Share of Global Primary Energy Supply Share of Global GDP Share of Global Population United Kingdom %1.62 %2.71 %0.91 % Germany %2.62 %3.49 %1.21 % India %5.56 %7.11 %17.09 % Korea, Rep %1.89 %1.78 %0.72 % Japan %3.88 %5.28 %1.88 % USA %17.80 %17.68 %4.55 % Canada %2.09 %1.59 %0.50 % Russia %5.32 %2.38 %2.10 % China %18.70 %19.35 %19.80 % Iran %1.78 %0.90 %1.08 % Total %61.27 %62.27 %49.84 %

BUILDINGS are responsible :  more than 40% of the world’s total primary energy consumption  about 24% of global CO2 emissions

WAYS OF REDUCTION CO 2

GREEN BUILDING BENEFITS Green building Helth Reduce waste Develop- ment green industry Economy taxpayer money Reduce energy consump- tion

SUMMARY In Russia the rate, the incidence, and scale of droughts and floods are increasing in the last time. Climate change negatively affects human development by worse fundamental pre-requisites for health. One of reduction energy consumption ways is Green Building, because buildings are responsible for more than 40% of the total primary energy consumption and for 24% of global carbon dioxide emissions. Russia need to develop a comprehensive adaptation program of vulnerable regions and populations, which should take into account the peculiarities of manifestation of natural disasters in the areas, as well as specific mechanisms and methods of adaptation vulnerable people to them.

Summer School of the Central European University 4 July 2012 Climate Change and Human Development in the Russian Federation Vera Pechenkina professor of the Siberian Federal University, Doctor of Science in Economics