PROGRESSIVES IN THE WHITE HOUSE by Olivia Daniel, Brooke Roaten, and Audrey Garrett Theodore Roosevelt William Taft Woodrow Wilson

Theodore Roosevelt’s Background  Born 1848, NYC – poor physical health as a child  Graduated from Harvard & married Alice Hathaway Lee (1848)  Withdrew to North Dakota territory after her death but returned back to NYC in 1886  Success in Spanish-American war led him to NYC governors office & later President William McKinley’s Vice President  Became president on September 14, 1901 after McKinley was assassinated

A New Kind of President  Presidency had been dormant since Lincoln  Wanted to reduce the power of big businesses  Historian John Cooper: Roosevelt liked big businesses and believed the growth of businesses was healthy but was bothered by the amount of power they possessed  Never went anywhere without his photographer  Historian John Blum: “Roosevelt had a knack for self- advertisement.” (American Experience. PBS.)  Travelled often to speak directly to the people  Became a political and popular hero

Theodore Roosevelt: “The Trust Buster”  Unlike McKinley, T.R. believed in aggressive political reforms  i.e. heavy regulation of business  Used Sherman Anti-Trust Act to dissolve business monopolies  Northern Securities Corporation: Teddy vs. J.P. Morgan  Ended 44 monopolistic companies

Theodore Roosevelt’s Square Deal  Domestic program focused on conservation of natural resources, control of corporations, & consumer protection (the three C’s)  Trusts & monopolies primary target  Conservation of natural resources: The Antiquities Act of 1906  Control of Corporation: Elkins Act of 1903  Consumer Protection: The Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906

Theodore Roosevelt: “The Conservationist President”  Avid outdoorsman  Went on multiple camping, hiking, hunting, and safari trips  Believed America’s resources were limited and should be cherished and preserved  Deemed 150,000,000 acres of land as national forests  Protecting them from deforestation  Theodore Roosevelt National Park in North Dakota

The Election of 1912 Candidates  Woodrow Wilson: Democratic party candidate  idea of “New Freedom”  Gained much of support by vigorously campaigning across America  Theodore Roosevelt: Progressive party candidate  Formerly served two terms  “New Nationalism”  Originally in support of William Taft for president  Formed the Progressive party after Republican National Convention in Chicago

The Election of 1912 Candidates  William Howard Taft: Republican party candidate  Opposed to idea of strong government interference to help the people  Had support of party leadership, won nomination for republican party at the Chicago National Republican convention  Served as President from 1909 to 1913  Eugene Debs: Socialist party candidate  Saw need for change after the Pullman Strike  Ran for presidency five times, but never won

The Split in the Republican Party  Roosevelt decided to run after seeing Taft would not carry out Roosevelt’s own methods and ideas  At the Republican National Convention, Roosevelt was short of delegates and decided he needed to form a new party to run  The Progressive party was formed and nicknamed the Bull Moose party  The split guaranteed the win for the democratic party

Election Results  Woodrow Wilson won the election with over 6,000,000 votes  Had the Republican party not split, they could have won presidency, being that the sum of Roosevelt and Taft’s votes combined was about 7,500,000 votes  Electoral votes:  Wilson: 435  Roosevelt: 88  Taft: 8  Debs: 0

Woodrow Wilson’s New Freedom  Born in Virginia 1856  President of Princeton University 1902  Governor of New Jersey 1910  1912 – The New Freedom  Nation of small farmers and businesspeople  Attacked the Triple Wall of Privilege

Woodrow Wilson’s New Freedom  Underwood – Simmons Tariff Act 1913  Reduced tariff rates  Federal Reserve Act 1913  Made nation’s currency more flexible  Clayton Antitrust Act 1914  Clarified Sherman’s Antitrust Act

Running for a Second Term  Appeal to Progressive Party  Keating – Owen Child Labor Act 1916  Workers Compensation Act 1916  Adamson Act 1916  Federal Farm Loan Act 1916

Bibliography  Richards, Marlee. America in the 1910s. Minneapolis, MN: Twenty-First Century, Print.  "The People's Experience: Farming and Labor." The Woodrow Wilson Presidential Library and Museum. N.p., n.d. Web.  "Federal Reserve Act | United States [1913]." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 04 Dec  "Underwood-Simmons Tariff Act | United States [1913]." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 04 Dec  "Woodrow Wilson's New Freedom." Ushistory.org. Independence Hall Association, n.d. Web. 04 Dec  Infoplease. Infoplease, n.d. Web. 05 Dec  "Franklin D. Roosevelt Quote." BrainyQuote. Xplore, n.d. Web. 05 Dec  "History, Travel, Arts, Science, People, Places | Smithsonian." History, Travel, Arts, Science, People, Places | Smithsonian. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Dec

Bibliography (continued)  "Discover the Major Events of William Taft's Life and Presidency." About.com Education. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Dec  "Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890)." Our Documents -. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Dec  "Sherman Act." TR Center. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Dec  "What Were President Theodore Roosevelt's Accomplishments?" What Were President Theodore Roosevelt's Accomplishments? N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Dec  SparkNotes. SparkNotes, n.d. Web. 05 Dec  "The Trust Buster." Ushistory.org. Independence Hall Association, n.d. Web. 05 Dec  United States. National Park Service. "Theodore Roosevelt and Conservation." National Parks Service. U.S. Department of the Interior, 04 Dec Web. 05 Dec  "American Experience: TV's Most-watched History Series." PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 05 Dec

Bibliography (continued)  "Progressives in the White House." Ushistory.org. Independence Hall Association, n.d. Web. 05 Dec  "Remembering the 1912 Presidential Election." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 05 Dec  "1912 Presidential Elections." 1912 Presidential Elections. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Dec  "Election of 1912: The Bull Moose Party Makes It a Three-Way Race." Election of 1912: The Bull Moose Party Makes It a Three-Way Race. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Dec