1 THE PHILIPPINE SOCIAL PROTECTION FRAMEWORK AND STRATEGY: An Overview 5 June 2015 Area-Based National Dialogue (ABND) One Pacific Place, Makati City

Social Protection Handbook 2 OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION I.The Philippine Definition of Social Protection II.The Social Protection Operational Framework and Strategy III.Other SP Initiatives

WHY WE NEED SOCIAL PROTECTION ? Many poor are being left behind. Filipino families, whether poor or non-poor, face various economic, environmental and human-made risks. Managing such risks is important for families to prevent them from falling into, falling deeper, and trapped into, poverty.

5 Movement in and out of Poverty (Tomas Africa, 2011) CBA poverty threshold D

To harmonize existing SP definitions - World Bank (WB) - Asian Development Bank (ADB) - International Labour Organization (ILO) - Institute for Development Studies

SDC Resolution No. 1 Series of 2007 Social Protection constitutes policies and programs that seek to reduce poverty and vulnerability to risks and enhance the social status and rights of the marginalized by promoting and protecting livelihood and employment, protecting against hazards and sudden loss of income, and improving people’s capacity to manage risks. (adopted in 2007 by the SDC Cabinet Level)

NEDA-SDC Resolution No. 1, series of 2007 “Adopting a Philippine Definition of Social Protection”  Harmonized existing SP Definitions of WB, ADB, ILO, Institute of Development Studies, NAPC NEDA-SDC Resolution No. 2 series of 2009: “Sub-Committee on Social Protection (SCSP) under the NEDA Social Development Committee (NEDA SDC)”  An inter-agency sub-committee mechanism under NEDA- SDC which leads the operationalization of the Social Protection Strategy. This is being chaired by DSWD and co- chaired by NEDA. NEDA-SDC Resolution No. 3 series of 2012: Approving and Adopting the SP Operational Framework  Presented by DSWD and approved by the SDC-Cabinet Level members during its SDC-CL meeting on May 18,  The core of the framework is the underlying purpose and objective of social protection which is better and improved quality of life for its beneficiaries. Philippine Development Plan : Chapter on Social Development  The Plan sums up the administration’s chosen economic direction and defines its strategies and programs for the next six years Joint Memorandum Circular No. 1, series of 2015  The JMC enjoined all Provinces, Cities and Municipalities to use the Social Protection Handbook for Local Planning, Implementing, Monitoring and Evaluating SP Programs Social Protection Policies

Labor market intervention measures aimed at enhancing employment opportunities and protection of the rights and welfare of workers Social welfare preventive and developmental interventions that seek to support the minimum basic requirements of the poor

Social safety nets stop-gap mechanisms or urgent responses that address effects of shocks on specific vulnerable groups Social insurance seeks to mitigate income risks by pooling resources and spreading risks across time and classes

Definitions: Poor, Vulnerable & Marginalized Poor : Families whose income fall below the poverty threshold as defined by the government and/or those that cannot afford in a sustained manner to provide their basic Vulnerable refers to households confronted by ex-ante risk that if currently non-poor, will fall below the poverty line, or if currently poor, will remain in poverty. (NEDA) Marginalized people are those groups in society who, for reasons of poverty, geographical inaccessibility, culture, language, religion, age, gender, migrant status or other disadvantage, have not benefited from health, education, employment and other opportunities, and who are relegated to the sidelines of political persuasion, social negotiation, and economic bargaining.

The Social Protection Framework and Strategy

Definitions: Risk, Poverty and Vulnerability Risk and Shock: Uncertain event that may damage someone’s well-being leading to poverty ; Risks are pervasive, but information on risks and shocks is mostly scarce in a developing country Poverty: Income or spending is insufficient to ensure a minimum level or state of well-being ( below an official threshold) Vulnerability: Probability to become poor in the future; sources of vulnerability are risks and shocks and lack of physical, social and human capital to withstand shocks

Identify the Different Kinds of Risks and Vulnerabilities Social and Governance Risks – crime related, rebellion and corruption Individual and Life Cycle Risks – from womb till the tomb Economic Risks – related to employment and income Environment and Disaster Risks – related to disaster

Types of Social Risks and Vulnerabilities armed conflicts, crime, corruption, social exclusion and discrimination Social and Governance typhoons, drought, floods, earthquakes, volcanic eruption Environmental and Natural unemployment, underemployment, low and irregular incomes; economic crises Economic hunger, illness, disability, old age, death Individual Life-cycle VulnerabilitiesSocial Risks

Vulnerable Groups Affected by Major Social Risks in Phil. Group or SectorRisks and Vulnerabilities Illness and death, low or lack of income Children: 0 – 5 years old 6 – 14 years old Illness and death, hunger and malnutrition, stunted growth Poor education quality Youth: 15 – 24 years old Low human capital, unemployment and underemployment, substance abuse Large family size, domestic violence, unemployment and underemployment People with disabilities (PWDs ) Indigenous People Rural and Urban Informal Communities Low human capital, unemployment and underemployment, lack of access to services Elderly: 65 years old and above Women Dislocation due to armed conflicts, natural disasters, development projects, lack of shelter and housing, access to water and sanitation Dislocation due to armed conflicts, natural disasters and demolitions, lack of shelter and housing, access to water and sanitation

Four Types of SP Responses Protective: ensure that basic needs are met (price control) Preventive: done before risk occurs; mainly reducing the probability of risk occurring (vaccination, preventive health care) Mitigating help individuals reduce the impact of future risky event (crop and health insurance; savings and food storage) Coping mechanisms alleviate impact of risk once it occurred (relief and rehabilitation) Adapting mechanisms/resilience prepare individuals and households for the next shock and risk (disaster preparedness, fund availability) Promotive: allows people to save and invest (access to credit) Transformative helps people and communities build deeper adaptive capacities (ordinance for children and women protection, funds for disaster relief)

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY FOR SP Act of directing complementary and or synergetic programs or interventions to specified targets - poor households, families, individuals and or communities. It calls for the synchronization and coordination of all interventions of the government (national and local) and the private sector in one geographical area to ensure that reforms in terms of poverty alleviation, among others, are achieved. CONVERGENCE

Rationale for a CONVERGENCE Strategy Vulnerability and poverty incidence are high The most effective approach is multi- dimensional and multi-stakeholder Limited resources of government Varying capacities of national agencies and local government; pooling expertise is key Avoidance of overlaps and duplication of projects and programs

Types of Convergence Horizontal Inter-agency (SP Cluster Component Convergence, Social Security Cluster or Social Safety Net Clusters) Horizontal Inter-agency at various levels (National, regional, local) Vertical Intra-agency (National-regional-local coordination for a specific project or program) Multi-level - combines vertical and horizontal (Bottom up budget; local poverty reduction plan) Area-based or Sector based (specific target-based)

Social Protection Multi-level CONVERGENCE NATIONAL PROVINCIAL REGIONAL Policy Formulation Program and Budget Planning Implementation Monitoring & Evaluation VERTICAL AND INTRA AGENCY CONVERGENCE (WITHIN AGENCIES AND NAT’L-LOCAL COVERGENCE) HORIZONTAL, INTER-AGENCY AND INTRA-LOCAL CONVERGENCE (TARGET AREAS AND SECTOR) CITY/MUNICIPAL BARANGAY LEVELS Poverty, Risks and Vulnerability Analysis Targeting ACTIVITIES FOR CONVERGENCE STAKE HOLDERS: Government CSOs, FBOs, Academe and Private Sector

Social Protection Handbook 23 Other SP Initiatives

. Development of Social Protection Handbook (for Implementers & Local Chief Executives) Development of Social Protection and Vulnerability Assessment Manual Conduct of Training of Trainers on the Use of the Social Protection Handbook OTHER INITIATIVES ON SP

25 CHRISTIAN THOMAS DELORIA Policy Development and Planning Division Department of Social Welfare and Development