1 Weed Management Options for Hay Producers Tim Murphy Extension Weed Scientist University of Georgia HAYWEED Southeast Hay Convention Tifton, Georgia

2 Herbicide Options 1.2,4-D 2.dicamba (Vanquish, Banvel, Clarity) 3.2,4-D + dicamba (WeedMaster, others) 4.dicamba+ diflufenzopyr (Overdrive) 5.diuron (Direx, Diuron) 6.triclopyr (Remedy) 7.imazapic (Impose,Panoramic) 8.2,4-D + triclopyr (CrossBow) 9.triclopyr + clopyralid (Redeem) 10.2,4-D + picloram (Grazon P+D, HiredHand, GunSlinger) 11.fluroxypyr + picloram (Surmount) 12.fluroxypyr + triclopyr (PastureGard) 13.aminopyralid (Milestone)

3 Herbicide Options (cont.) 13.thifensulfuron + tribenuron (Harmony Extra) 14.aminopyralid + 2,4-D (Grazon Next, ForeFront) 15.aminopyralid + metsulfuron (Chaparral) 16.nicosulfuron + metsulfuron (Pastora) 17.metsulfuron (MSM E.Pro, others) 18.metsulfuron + chlorsulfuron (Cimarron Plus) 19.chlorsulfuron (Telar) 20.metsulfuron + 2,4-D + dicamba (Cimarron MAX) 21.hexazinone (Velpar) 22.sulfosulfuron (OutRider) 23.pendimethalin – Prowl H 2 O 24.tebuthiuron (Spike) 25.paraquat (Gramoxone Inteon, Firestorm, Parazone) 26.glyphosate (Roundup PowerMax, others)

4 Newest Herbicides  Milestone – aminopyralid  Grazon Next, ForeFront – aminopyralid + 2,4-D  Chaparral – aminopyralid + metsulfuron  Telar – chlorsulfuron  OutRider - sulfosulfuron  Prowl H 2 O – pendimethalin  Pastora - nicosulfuron + metsulfuron

Is 100% Weed Control Necessary?  Factors to consider  Buyer preference (market value)  Hay baling complications  Forage value of weeds  Toxicity of weed  Hay harvest restrictions 5

6 Haying and Grazing Restrictions for Dairy Animals (Cattle and Goats) LactatingNon-lactating HerbicideGrazingHayGrazingHay Metsulfuron0000 Cimarron Plus0000 Milestone0000 Grazon Next0707 Chaparral0000 Grazon P+D7300 RemedyOne season140 Velpar0380 Weedmaster7370 2,4-D7300

7 Haying and Grazing Restrictions for Various Livestock Species BeefHorsesGoatsBeefHorsesGoats HerbicideGrazingHay Metsulfuron Cimarron Plus Milestone GrazonNext Chaparral Grazon P+D00030 Remedy00014 Velpar00038 Weedmaster ,4-D00030

8 When do you spray?  Winter annuals - henbit, chickweed, buttercups, thistles, ryegrass November through March  Summer annuals - spiny amaranth, bitter sneezeweed April through mid-July  Perennials growth stage dependent

9 Spray this size Not this size Bitter sneezeweed

10 Milestone  2.0 lbs./gal. aminopyralid  Use rate: 4.0 to 7.0 fl. ozs./acre  Numerous broadleaf weeds – thistles, horsenettle, tropical soda apple, buttercup  Do not seed legumes year of application (additional research being conducted)  Delay application until grasses have 4 to 5 leaves.

11 Milestone  Non-volatile  Injurious to legumes  No grazing or hay restriction for any type of livestock  Weak on sida species, dogfennel, plantains, blackberry, wild radish, other mustards.  Add 2,4-D or Remedy for weeds above.

12 Grazon Next, ForeFront  0.33 lbs./gal. aminopyralid lbs./gal 2,4-D  Use rate: 1.5 to 2.6 pts./acre  Numerous broadleaf weeds – thistles, horsenettle, buttercup, henbit, plantains, verbena  Do not seed legumes year of application (additional research being conducted)  Delay application until grasses have 4 to 5 leaves.

13 Grazon Next, ForeFront  Injurious to legumes  No grazing restriction for any type of livestock.  7 day hay harvest restriction  Better control of plantains and common pokeweed than Milestone

14 Chaparral  Bermuda, orchardgrass, tall fescue (up to 2.0 oz/a  Apply to fully tillered or established  Same tall fescue precautions as metsulfuron products (2 yr establishment)

15 Chaparral Rate (oz. product/a) Act. Ingredient1.52.0*3.0 aminopyralid metsulfuron *Chaparral at 2.0 oz./a = 4.0 fl. oz/a of Milestone 2SC oz/a Metsulfuron 60DG

16 Chaparral  Non-volatile  Injurious to legumes  Do not seed legumes year of application (additional research being conducted)

17 Aminopyralid- It’s Good - BUT!!!!!  Do not  use hay from treated areas for compost or mulch  transfer livestock to untreated areas without 3 d cleanout  use manure for fertilizing broadleaf crops  use in any temporary forage system involving broadleaf crops  USE ONLY ON PERMANENT GRASS FORAGE SYSTEMS

Aminopyralid  For Milestone, ForeFront, Grazon Next, Chaparral:  Aminopyralid is prohibited from use on hay that will be distributed or made available for sale off the farm where harvested unless allowed by supplemental labeling.  Get aminopyralid stewardship info at:  rdship.htm 18

Telar  Sulfonylurea  Chlorsulfuron 75.0%  Bahiagrass, bermudagrass to 1.0 oz/a  Tall fescue – 0.25 to 0.5 oz/a  Telar controls:  Blackberry, pigweed(s), wild radish  Many annual broadleaf weeds < 4.0 in. tall  Does not control grass weeds, horsenettle, ragweed, fireweed (southern nettle)  Add nonionic surfactant at 0.25% v/v  Highly injurious to legumes  No grazing or haying restrictions 19

Grass Control Options - Bermudagrass  Dormant bermuda  Glyphosate – 1.0 pt./acre (4.0 lb./gal.)  Gramoxone Inteon – 1.0 to 2.0 pts./acre  Active Growth Bermuda  ‘Pensacola’ bahiagrass – Cimarron, Chaparral, Impose  Smutgrass – Velpar  Annual grasses  Roundup PowerMax, after first hay cut  Impose (imazapic)  Johnsongrass – OutRider, Impose  Spot treat or ropewick glyphosate

OutRider - Monsanto  Sulfosulfuron, 75WDG  Approved in 2008  Formerly named Maverick  Controls johnsongrass and sedges in bermudagrass and bahiagrass  Use rate – 1.33 ozs./acre  Add a nonionic surfactant at 0.25% v/v.

OutRider - Monsanto  Grazing and haying restriction  14 days – all livestock types  Treated fields may be rotated only to wheat.  Injurious to clovers.

Maverick treated plot Untreated

Maverick treated plot Untreated

25 Prowl H BASF  Pendimethalin  Preemergence herbicide: 3.2 to 4.2 qts/acre  Needs rainfall for incorporation within 30 days of application  Labeled on dormant forage bermudagrass hay or pasture (NOT LABELED ON TALL FESCUE)  45 day hay harvest restriction  60 day grazing restriction – all livestock types  See supplemental label at:

26 Prowl H BASF  PRE control of crabgrass, goosegrass, sandbur, Texas and fall panicum  Also controls some annual broadleaf weeds such as pigweed  Apply February to early March to dormant bermudagrass  Must be applied before annual grasses germinate (crabgrass begins germination at soil temps. of 50 to 55 F.)

Prowl H 2 0 Effect on the Stand Density of Irrigated Tifton 85 Pasture Applications made to dormant bermudagrass on 3/5/10.

Prowl H 2 0 Effect on Crabgrass Control in Irrigated Tifton 85 Pastures Applications made to dormant bermudagrass on 3/5/10.

Pastora – DuPont  Sulfonylurea  Nicosulfuron 56.2% + Metsulfuron 15.0%  Pastora controls:  Sandbur, panicum sp., foxtails, barnyardgrass, signalgrass < 2.0 in. tall  Pensacola bahiagrass, before seedheads emerge in spring  Vaseygrass (after hay cutting)  Italian ryegrass < 6.0 in. tall  Johnsongrass – 6 to 10 in. tall  annual broadleaf weeds < 4.0 in. tall  Use rates: 1.0 to 1.5 oz./acre + NIS  Will be used on bermudagrass only (injures tall fescue and legumes)  No grazing or haying restrictions

Effect of Pastora Applied during Greenup on Southern Crabgrass Control Pastora applied Apr. 15, 2009 – seedling crabgrass

Effect of Pastora Applied mid-July on Southern Crabgrass Control Pastora applied July 20, 2009 – multi-tillered crabgrass

Effect of Pastora on Goosegrass Control in Irrigated Tifton 85 Pasture. Wrens. Applications made on 5/6/10 and 5/27/10 for the 20 day reapplication treatment.

‘Russell’ Bermudagrass Tolerance to Pastora  Conducted at Eatonton  Pastora 1.5 oz/ac – dormant appl. – Mar. 6  Pastora 1.0 oz/ac – 40% green-up – Apr. 15  Pastora 1.0 oz/ac – 18 days after 1st harvest – June 26  Pastora 1.0 oz/ac – 5 days after 2nd harvest – July 20

‘Russell’ Bermudagrass Tolerance to Pastora Pastora at 1.5 oz/ac applied March 6 to dormant bermuda caused no injury and did not affect hay yield at any harvest.

‘Russell’ Bermudagrass Tolerance to Pastora – 40% Green-up, Pastora applied Apr. 15, 2009 (Oz/ac)

Effect of Pastora Applied during Greenup on ‘Russell’ Hay Yield Pastora applied Apr. 15, 2009 – 40% Green-up (Oz/ac) NS at all harvests

‘Russell’ Bermudagrass Tolerance to Pastora – 18 d after 1st harvest, Pastora applied June 26, 2009 – 7 in. tall bermudagrass (Oz/ac)

Effect of Pastora Applied 18 d after first harvest on ‘Russell’ Hay Yield Pastora applied June 26, 2009 – 7 in. tall bermudagrass (Oz/ac) NS at all harvests Hay harvested 19 d after appl.

‘Russell’ Bermudagrass Tolerance to Pastora – 5 d after 2nd harvest, Pastora applied July 20, 2009 – 5 d after second hay harvest (Oz/ac)

Effect of Pastora Applied 5 d after 2nd harvest on ‘Russell’ Hay Yield Pastora applied Jul. 20, 2009 – 5 d after second harvest (Oz/ac) * * *

Effect of Pastora Applied during Greenup on Italian Ryegrass Control Pastora applied Apr. 15, 2009 (Oz/ac)

42 Pastora 1.0 oz/a + COC 1.0% v/v Pastora 1.0 oz/a + Roundup PowerMax 11.0 fl. oz/a + NIS 0.25% v/v Roundup PowerMax 11.0 fl. oz/a + NIS 0.25% v/v Applied Dec. 9, 2010 Applied Feb.14, 2011 Eatonton, GA

Conclusions - Pastora  Will control Italian ryegrass  Crabgrass not as sensitive as other annual grasses (best control of crabgrass is at seedling stage)  Established bermudagrass (one growing season)  Application Timings  Winter – dormant bermuda  Spring – before 2 inches of new growth  Summer – within 7 days of hay cutting

44 Blackberry  1% Remedy or PastureGard for spray to wet.  2-3 pints per acre for broadcast.  Metsulfuron 0.5 oz per acre.  Chaparral, Cimarron  Telar  Spray at full bloom or fall.  Repeat next year may be needed for complete control.

45 Blackberry control with Remedy, 1 qt/ac, Fall application, 6 MAT

46 Blackberry control with Cimarron Plus 0.5 ozs/ac at bloom – 5 MAT

47 Dewberry  oz Cimarron Plus per acre.  Spray at full bloom.

48 Dewberry

49 Hemp Dogbane  Very tough to control.  Surmount at 3 to 6 pts per acre is the best.  Remedy provides temporary burn down. Milky juice

50 Horsenettle

51  Best – Grazon P+D at 3.0 pts./acre or ForeFront at 2.6 pts/ac  Fair – WeedMaster at 4.0 pt./acre or 2,4-D at 3 pts/ac  Add a nonionic surfactant at 0.25% v/v.  Apply at mid-bloom through fruiting Horsenettle

52 Spiny amaranth

53  Treat when small (2 to 4 inches) early May  Metsulfuron 0.25 to 0.33 oz/acre  Grazon P+D, Weedmaster, 2,4-D pts/acre, Cimarron Max 1 pt oz  Germinates all summer. Repeat applications needed. Pigweed Pigweed seed

54  Identify weed  Select the right product  Time the application correctly  Apply accurately  Follow haying restrictions Keys to Herbicide Use

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