Properties of Matter Physical and Chemical Properties Mass and Volume Density

Common Properties Physical Properties – characteristics that show the appearance of an object –Examples: Shape, Color, Size, Mass, Volume, Density, anything using the 5 senses Chemical Properties – characteristics that show the molecular structure of an object –Examples: Combining with oxygen (oxidizing), Burning, Nuclear decay

Common Properties Identify some common properties among these objects: –Air –Water –Tree bark –Hair –Soil –Soda

Mass vs. Weight Mass – the amount of material in an object Measured in grams Does not change with the position of the object Weight – the measure of how hard gravity pulls on an object Measured in Newtons or pounds Changes with the position of the object

Measuring Solid Mass An instrument used to measure mass is a balance. Always begin by placing the object on the pan. Begin measuring with the smallest standard mass and moving to the largest. Adjust the standard mass until the needle points to the middle.

Measuring Liquid Mass Measure the mass of an empty container. Pour the liquid you want to measure into the container. Measure the mass of the liquid plus the container. Subtract the mass of the empty container from the mass of the container plus liquid.

Measuring Volume An instrument to measure the volume of an object is a graduated cylinder. Pour the liquid into the graduated cylinder. Position yourself so that your eye is level with the top of the liquid Read the volume from the scale. The top of the liquid is curved. The curve is called a meniscus. Read the scale at the bottom of the meniscus.

Reading a Scale Subtract the numbers on any two long lines that are next to each other. Count the number of spaces between the two long lines. Divide the number from the first step by the number in the second step. This tells you how much an increase in each line represents.

Measure the Volume of Solids When measuring the volume of a regular shaped object, such as a cube or rectangular prism, use a formula. V = l x w x h

Volume of Regular Solids V = l x w x h V = (5 cm)(15 cm)(5 cm) V = 375 cm 3 Find the volume of a solid that has a length of 6 cm, a width of 2 cm, and a height of 3 cm? V = l x w x h V = (6 cm)(2 cm)(3 cm) V = 36 cm 3

Volume of Irregular Solids To find the volume of an irregular solid, use the water displacement method. Pour water into a graduated cylinder and record the volume. Place the object in the cylinder. Record the new volume. Subtract the volume of the water from the volume of the water and object.

Water Displacement Method A rock is placed in a graduated cylinder with 50 mL of water. The rock causes the water level to rise to 88 mL. What is the volume of the rock? V = 88 mL – 50 mL V = 38 mL

Density Density is the measure of how tightly the matter of a substance is packed into a given volume. Density = mass/volume, d = m/v Each substance has its own unique density. Density of water = 1.0 g/cm 3

Density If matter has a greater density than water, it will sink. If matter has a lesser density than water, it will float. What will the following substances do when placed in water?: –Silver = 10.5 g/cm 3, Cork = 0.24 g/cm 3, Rubber 1.1 g/cm 3, Aluminum = 2.7 g/cm 3

Calculating Density What is the density of an object that has a mass of 57.9 grams and a volume of 3 mL? D = m/v D = 57.9 g / 3 mL D = 19.3 g/mL or 19.3 g/cm 3 This substance is gold.

Calculating Density What is the density of a metal that has a mass of grams and a volume of 5.5 mL? What is the metal? D = m/v D = g / 5.5 mL D = 11.3 g/mL or 11.3 g/cm 3 The substance is lead.