Clovis Center Library Presents: Biology Research

Databases you can try. Proquest* Proquest* Proquest* Electric Library* Electric Library* Electric Library Electric Library CQ Library CQ Library SIRS Knowledge Source SIRS Knowledge Source Gale Resource Centers Gale Resource Centers Facts.com Facts.com Netlibrary Netlibrary Newsbank Newsbank Encyclopedias Online Encyclopedias Online Eureka Eureka Pro and Con Pro and Con –*Best places to find journals. *Best places to find journals*Best places to find journals

What is a Scholarly Journal? Articles are written by scholars or experts in the field. Articles are written by scholars or experts in the field. Articles have notes showing author expertise or affiliation. Articles have notes showing author expertise or affiliation. Articles are peer reviewed. Articles are peer reviewed. Articles are written to report on original research or experimentation. Articles are written to report on original research or experimentation. Articles tend to be lengthy with a narrow subject focus. Articles tend to be lengthy with a narrow subject focus. Articles are written in the language of the discipline covered. Articles are written in the language of the discipline covered. Scholarly journals always cite their sources in the form of footnotes or bibliographies. Scholarly journals always cite their sources in the form of footnotes or bibliographies.

Examples of Scholarly Journals JAMA JAMA New England Journal of Medicine New England Journal of Medicine Lancet Lancet Science Science Developmental Psychology Developmental Psychology

Standard Parts of Research Articles Introduction Introduction Methods/and or Materials Methods/and or Materials  Describes the author’s research methods and tools Results Results  Authors analyze the data Conclusion and/or Discussion Conclusion and/or Discussion  Authors’ conclusions based on the analysis Author notes Author notes  Author’s credentials and affiliations References References  List of works cited in the article☼ ☼

Scholarly Journal/not Research Article Research articles, or primary articles, are based on original research. Other kinds of articles appear in scholarly journals as well, including: Book reviews Book reviews Book reviews Book reviews Commentaries Commentaries Review articles Review articles Review articles Review articles Informational articles Informational articles Informational articles Informational articles

What is a Magazine? Articles are usually short, written in simple language, and are designed to meet a minimal educational level. Articles are usually short, written in simple language, and are designed to meet a minimal educational level. These publications rarely cite sources. These publications rarely cite sources. Information is often second or third hand, and the original source is sometimes obscure. Information is often second or third hand, and the original source is sometimes obscure. The main purpose is to entertain, sell products, or promote a viewpoint. The main purpose is to entertain, sell products, or promote a viewpoint.

Examples of Magazines Time Time Newsweek Newsweek U.S. News & World Report U.S. News & World Report Psychology Today Psychology Today Scientific American Scientific American Reader’s Digest Reader’s Digest People Weekly People Weekly

Avoid Plagiarism Plagiarism is a very serious offence. Plagiarism is a very serious offence. There are three types of plagiarism: There are three types of plagiarism: Failing to cite quotations and borrowed ideas.Failing to cite quotations and borrowed ideas. Failing to enclose borrowed language in quotation marks.Failing to enclose borrowed language in quotation marks. Failing to put summaries and paraphrases in your own words.Failing to put summaries and paraphrases in your own words.

Don’t Forget to Cite Your Work! Note the basics. Note the basics. Note when you accessed the information. Note when you accessed the information. Note the Web page address if possible, or the address of the gateway. Note the Web page address if possible, or the address of the gateway. If the information given is not complete, cite what you can. If the information given is not complete, cite what you can. Remember why it is necessary to cite. Remember why it is necessary to cite.  To give credit where credit is due.  To add authority to your work.  To create a path for your reader to verify your information.

Citing Sources Both MLA and APA acknowledge sources by briefly identifying the source within the text and enabling the reader to locate that source of information in an alphabetical list of references/works cited at the end of the article. Both MLA and APA acknowledge sources by briefly identifying the source within the text and enabling the reader to locate that source of information in an alphabetical list of references/works cited at the end of the article. In-text citations are made with a combination of signal phrases and parenthetical references. In-text citations are made with a combination of signal phrases and parenthetical references.

MLA In-text Citations MLA uses the author/page number method of citation. MLA uses the author/page number method of citation. A signal phrase indicates that something taken from a source is about to be used. A signal phrase indicates that something taken from a source is about to be used. A signal phrase (if used) includes the author’s name. A signal phrase (if used) includes the author’s name.  Susan Hansen states…. The parenthetical reference includes at least a page number in parentheses. The parenthetical reference includes at least a page number in parentheses.  Susan Hansen states that parenthetical citations must be used when...(41).  Parenthetical citations must be used when...(Hansen 41).

Exceptions to the Rule. If electronic sources do not have page numbers or other numbering systems, you may leave out the number. If electronic sources do not have page numbers or other numbering systems, you may leave out the number. If a source does not have an author, use either the complete title or a short form of the title in parentheses. If a source does not have an author, use either the complete title or a short form of the title in parentheses. When quoted words appear in a source written by someone else, begin the citation with “qtd. in…”. When quoted words appear in a source written by someone else, begin the citation with “qtd. in…”.

Basic MLA Format for an Online Subscription Service Author (Last Name, First Name. “Article Title.” Journal Title Number.Issue Title.” Journal Title Number.Issue Number (Year of Pub.): Page Numbers. Number (Year of Pub.): Page Numbers. Database Name. Library. Date of Access Database Name. Library. Date of Access.. Multiple Authors: Two: Last Name, First Name, and First Name, Last Name. Four or More: Last Name, First Name, et al. or all names in full.

MLA Example for an Online Subscription Service Walling, Anne D. “Does Air Pollution Affect Childhood Asthma?” American Family Physician 65.8 (2002): Asthma?” American Family Physician 65.8 (2002): Proquest Direct. Clovis Center Library, Clovis Proquest Direct. Clovis Center Library, Clovis. 3 Mar Mar

APA and Parenthetical Citations APA parenthetical citations insert the author and date in the text at the appropriate point. APA parenthetical citations insert the author and date in the text at the appropriate point.  Walker (2000) compared reaction times  In a recent study of reaction times (Walker, 2000) Always give page numbers for quotations. Always give page numbers for quotations.  For electronic sources that do not have page numbers, use the paragraph number.  If neither number is visible, cite the heading and the paragraph following it.

Basic APA Format for an Electronic Journal Article Author Last Name, Author Initials. (Year) Article Title. Journal Title, Volume Article Title. Journal Title, Volume Number (Issue Number), Page Numbers. Number (Issue Number), Page Numbers. Retrieved Date from Source (database or Retrieved Date from Source (database or website.) website.) *Multiple authors: Two: Last Name, Initials, & Last Name, Initials. More Than Six: Last Name, Initials, (other five), et. al.

APA Style Example for and Electronic Journal Article Walling, A. D. (2002) Does air pollution affect childhood asthma? American affect childhood asthma? American Family Physician, 65(8), Retrieved Family Physician, 65(8), Retrieved May 10, 2002, from ProQuest database. May 10, 2002, from ProQuest database.

Now You Are Ready to Dive Right Into Your Research.