Pages Appendix B: Review of ExcelChapter 3 Market Trends & Analysis IBM 320 CAL POLY POMONA IBM320 Market Trends and Analysis Maha Ghosn 1

Review Of Spreadsheet (Excel) Commands and Procedures Learning Objectives Discuss Excel as a DSSDiscuss the quantitative analysis process and explain its various stepsUnderstand when quantitative analysis is needed Know the importance of properly defining the problem and distinguish between problems and symptoms Discuss productivity measurementExamine managerial decision makingDiscuss the roles and applications of decision support systems.

Review Of Spreadsheet (Excel) Commands and Procedures Excel  Excel is a software program developed by Microsoft for Windows, Mac OS X, and iOS.  It is an electronic spreadsheet program that is used for storing, organizing, and manipulating data.  Excel features calculation, graphing tools, pivot tables Excel is widely used as a business decision making tool.

Review Of Spreadsheet (Excel) Commands and Procedures Let’s get started with Excel

Review Of Spreadsheet (Excel) Commands and Procedures Basics of Excel  Excel files or books are made of spreadsheets  Spreadsheets are made up of:  Columns: A through XFD (16,384 columns)  Rows:  Cells (where the two intersect)  Allow 15 digit numbers  Last cell address in a worksheet: XFD

Review Of Spreadsheet (Excel) Commands and Procedures Columns and Rows  The column is the vertical space that makes up a spreadsheet.  Letters are used to designate each column’s location.  The row is the horizontal space that makes up a spreadsheet.  Numbers are used to designate each row’s location.

Review Of Spreadsheet (Excel) Commands and Procedures Cells and Data  A cell is the space where a row and column intersect.  Each cell is assigned a name according to its column letter and row number.  Data is entered in cells and can be  Text (including alpha numeric data)  Numbers (sales, ids, date, time, etc.)  Formulas to calculate data in other cells, other spreadsheets, or other Excel files  Note: Charts, smart arts, pictures, and other objects reside on the worksheet draw layer, an invisible layer on top of each workbook.

Review Of Spreadsheet (Excel) Commands and Procedures Excel Functions and Data Analysis Tools  Formulas are used to perform calculations that ranges from basics to very advanced.  Excel offers a great number of data analytical tools and macro capabilities to automate complex tasks

Review Of Spreadsheet (Excel) Commands and Procedures Charts, Graphs, Database  Chart or graphs are used to make it easier for users to identify trend  Excel is often used as a database program  Has the functionality that makes it easy to sort and filter data to find specific information.

Review Of Spreadsheet (Excel) Commands and Procedures Formatting Cells  Numbers entered into cells can be formatted according to needs.  Only highlighted cells/columns can be formatted

Review Of Spreadsheet (Excel) Commands and Procedures Quick access to Formatting Cells: Number

Review Of Spreadsheet (Excel) Commands and Procedures Formatting Cells  This menu will appear letting the user  Choose what category of data the cells represent.  Number, Currency, Accounting, Date, Time, Percentage, Text, etc.  Adjust the alignment of the cells  Change the data font  Add different types of borders  Fill in cells with colors  Protect the work sheet, making the cells password protected

Review Of Spreadsheet (Excel) Commands and Procedures Back to Formulas  Formulas are mathematical equations that calculate a value to be displayed.  To start a formula use the = sign  It is best to reference as much data as possible as opposed to typing data into equations.  This is done in order to keep equations relevant when other information changes. Ctrl + ` (grave accent)

Review Of Spreadsheet (Excel) Commands and Procedures Sum Function  The SUM function takes all of the values in each of the specified cells and totals their values. The Syntax is =SUM(first value, second value,...)  =SUM(A1:A6)  =SUM(A4:C14,F2:f5)  =AutoSum  Typing method: =A1+A2+…  Useful Consideration:  Built-In Functions will update when new columns and rows are inserted.

Review Of Spreadsheet (Excel) Commands and Procedures Average Function  The AVERAGE function finds the average of the specified data by adding all of the indicated cells together and dividing the sum by the total number of cells.  The syntax is: =AVERAGE(first value, second value,...)  Useful Consideration:  Built-In Functions will update when new columns and rows are inserted.

Review Of Spreadsheet (Excel) Commands and Procedures Logical Statements: The If Function  The IF function will check the logical condition of a statement and return one value if true and a different value if false.  The syntax for Simple Logical Statements is: =IF(logical_test, value_if_true, value_if_false) Logical Test If Value if True Then Value if False Else Messages In quotation Marks Operands > Greater than < Less than >= Greater than or Equal to <= Less than or equal to not equal to

Review Of Spreadsheet (Excel) Commands and Procedures Simple Logical Statement  The syntax for Nested Logical Statements is: =IF ( logical_test1, value_if_true, IF ( logical_test2,value_if_true, If ( logical_testX, value_if_true, value_if_false ))) Logical Test 1 If Value 1 is true then Else, logical test 2 If Value 2 is true then Else, logical test 3 If Value 3 is true then All logical test are not true Else Messages In quotation Marks

Review Of Spreadsheet (Excel) Commands and Procedures Compound Logical Statement  The syntax for AND Compound Logical Statements is: =IF(AND(logical_test1, logical_test2),value_if_true,value_if_false)  The syntax for OR Compound Logical Statements is: =IF(OR(logical_test1, logical_test2),value_if_true,value_if_false) Logical Test 1 AND 2 are true If AND Value 1 AND 2 true then Else, logical test 3 OR 4 is true If OR Value 3 OR 4 is true then All logical test are not true Else Messages In quotation Marks

Review Of Spreadsheet (Excel) Commands and Procedures Copying, Dragging, and Filling formulas

Review Of Spreadsheet (Excel) Commands and Procedures Relative Addressing  Relative cell references are basic cell references that adjust and change when copied, dragged or filled in any direction.  Example:  =SUM(B5:B8) changes to =SUM(C5:C8) when copied across to the next cell.

Review Of Spreadsheet (Excel) Commands and Procedures: Absolute and Mixed Addressing  Situations arise in which the cell reference must remain the same when copied or when using AutoFill.  Dollar signs are used to hold a column and/or row reference constant: F4 is used to switch between the 4 functions A1 Relative Addressing $A$1 Absolute Addressing: Neither the column nor the row reference change. $A1 Mixed Addressing:Allows the row reference to change, but not the column reference. A$1 Mixed Addressing:Allows the column reference to change, but not the row reference.  Example  By using $B$10 in the formula, neither changes when copied

Review Of Spreadsheet (Excel) Commands and Procedures: Absolute Addressing  Example  By using $B$10 in the formula, neither changes when copied

Review Of Spreadsheet (Excel) Commands and Procedures Mixed Addressing  By making the first cell reference $C4, you keep the column from changing when copied across, but allow the row to change when copying down to accommodate the prices of the different items going down.  By making the last cell reference A$12, you keep the row number from changing when copied down, but allow the column to change and reflect discount B when copied across. 23

Review Of Spreadsheet (Excel) Commands and Procedures Order of Operations  The order of operations for Excel is as follows:  Evaluate items in parentheses.  Evaluate ranges (:).  Evaluate intersections (spaces).  Evaluate unions (,).  Perform negation (-).  Convert percentages (%).  Perform exponentiation (^).  Perform multiplication (*) and division (/), which are of equal precedence.  Perform addition (+) and subtraction (-), which are of equal precedence.  Evaluate text operators (&).  Perform comparisons (=, <>, =).  Operations that are equal in precedence are performed left to right. 24

Review Of Spreadsheet (Excel) Commands and Procedures Errors in Excel 25

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