WORLD HUNGER By: Christian

WHAT COUNTRIES ARE AFFECTED BY THIS?  Niger, Kenya, Egypt, Algeria, Cameroon, Chad, Iraq, Iran, and Nepal.

WHO ARE THE HUNGRY?  Most of the world’s hungry live in developing countries. According to the latest Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) statics from 2015, there are 795 million hungry people in the world and 98 percent of them are in developing countries.

WHO ARE THE HUNGRY? ( CONTINUED )  Three-quarters of all hungry people live in rural areas, mainly in the villages of Asia and Africa. Overwhelmingly dependent on agriculture for their food, these populations have no alternative source of income or employment.

HUNGRY FARMERS  FAO calculates that around half of the world's hungry people are from smallholder farming communities, surviving off marginal lands prone to natural disasters like drought or flood.  Another 20 percent belong to landless families dependent on farming and about 10 percent live in communities whose livelihoods depend on herding, fishing or forest resources.

STARVING CHILDREN  An estimated 146 million children in developing countries are underweight - the result of acute or chronic hunger (Source: The State Of The World’s Children, UNICEF, 2009).  All too often, child hunger is inherited: up to 17 million children are born underweight annually, the result of inadequate nutrition before and during pregnancy.

WOMEN FOOD PRODUCERS  Women are the world's primary food producers, yet cultural traditions and social structures often mean women are much more affected by hunger and poverty than men. A mother who is stunted or underweight due to an inadequate diet often give birth to low birthweight children.

WOMEN FOOD PRODUCERS ( CONTINUED )  Around 50 per cent of pregnant women in developing countries are iron deficient (source: Unicef). Lack of iron means 315,000 women die annually from hemorrhage at childbirth. As a result, women, and in particular expectant and nursing mothers, often need special or increased intake of food.

3 FACTS ABOUT HUNGER IN MYANMAR  Myanmar is the second largest country in Southeast Asia and is rich in natural resources. Yet it is one of the least developed countries in the world, ranking 150th out of 187 countries according to the 2014 Human Development Report.  Significant improvements in the fight against hunger have been achieved in recent decades, with the percentage of the population that receives less than the minimum level of calories falling by more than 77 percent since  Despite this progress, more than a quarter of Myanmar’s population still live in poverty.

3 FACTS ABOUT HUNGER IN AFGHANISTAN  Afghanistan is one of the world’s poorest countries, ranking 169 out of 187 countries in the Human Development Index (2012).  More than 1.5 million people in Afghanistan are severely food insecure – an increase of more than 317,000 since last year. Another 7.3 million people – more than one in every four Afghans – are moderately food insecure.  About 60 percent of children under five are too small for their age – a condition known as stunting, which is caused by chronic malnutrition.

3 FACTS ABOUT HUNGER IN BOLIVIA  According to the latest census carried out at the end of 2012, Bolivia has a population of just over 10 million, with 45 percent living below the poverty line.  While levels of "extreme" poverty are decreasing (from 45 percent in 2000 to 21 percent in 2011), 41 percent of rural households still cannot afford a minimum food basket.  Six and a half percent of children between the ages of 6 and 8 months in Bolivia are not breastfeed. This has an effect on their proper growth and development.

FAQ’S 1 - Is there a food shortage in the world? There is enough food in the world today for everyone to have the nourishment necessary for a healthy and productive life. 2 - What is hunger? The sensation of hunger, a lack of food in your stomach, is universal. But there are different manifestations of hunger which are each measured in different ways: 3 - Under-nourishment is used to describe the status of people whose food intake does not include enough calories (energy) to meet minimum physiological needs for an active life. At present, there are 842 million undernourished people worldwide, most of them in developing countries.

FAQ’S ( CONTINUED )  3 - How is “famine” defined? While there are various definitions of famine, many experts say that there must be evidence of three specific outcomes before a famine can be declared: At least 20 percent of households face extreme food shortages with limited ability to cope. The prevalence of global acute malnutrition must exceed 30 percent. Death rates must exceed 2 deaths per 10,000 people per day.

TYPES OF MALNUTRITION  Each form of malnutrition depends on what nutrients are missing in the diet, for how long and at what age.  The most basic kind is called protein energy malnutrition. It results from a diet lacking in energy and protein because of a deficit in all major macronutrients, such as carbohydrates, fats and proteins.  Marasmus is caused by a lack of protein and energy with sufferers appearing skeletally thin. In extreme cases, it can lead to kwashiorkor, in which malnutrition causes swelling including a so-called 'moon face'.

TYPES OF MALNUTRITION ( CONTINUED )  Iron deficiency is the most prevalent form of malnutrition worldwide, affecting millions of people. Iron forms the molecules that carry oxygen in the blood, so symptoms of a deficiency include tiredness and lethargy. Lack of iron in large segments of the population severely damages a country's productivity. Iron deficiency also impedes cognitive development, affecting percent of children aged 6-24 months in developing countries (source: Vitamin & Mineral Deficiency, a global damage assessment report, Unicef).  Vitamin A deficiency weakens the immune systems of a large proportion of under-fives in poor countries, increasing their vulnerability to disease. A deficiency in vitamin A, for example, increases the risk of dying from diarrhoea, measles and malaria by percent. Affecting 140 million preschool children in 118 countries and more than seven million pregnant women, it is also a leading cause of child blindness across developing countries (source: UN Standing Committee on Nutrition's 5th Report on the World Nutrition Situation, 2005).

HUNGER MAP

HUNGER STATISTICS  1. Some 795 people in the world do not have enough food to lead a healthy active life. That's about one in nine people on earth.  2. The vast majority of the world's hungry people live in developing countries, where 12.9 percent of the population is undernourished.  3. Asia is the continent with the most hungry people - two thirds of the total. The percentage in southern Asia has fallen in recent years but in western Asia it has increased slightly.

HUNGER STATISTICS  4. Sub-Saharan Africa is the region with the highest prevalence (percentage of population) of hunger. One person in four there is undernourished.  5. Poor nutrition causes nearly half (45%) of deaths in children under five million children each year.  6. One out of six children -- roughly 100 million -- in developing countries is underweight.

HUNGER GLOSSARY Mulnutrition  A condition resulting when a person’s diet does not provide adequate nutrients for growth and maintenance or when a person is not able to adequately utilize the food consumed due to illness. Malnutrition encompasses both undernutrition (too thin, too short, micronutrient deficiencies) and ‘over nutrition’ (overweight and obesity), which should actually be considered ‘unbalanced nutrition’ as it often co-occurs with micronutrient deficiencies.

HUNGER GLOSSARY ( CONTINUED ) Undernourishment  An indicator of inadequate dietary energy intake (based on FAO’s definition of hunger, characterized as consuming less than a minimum level of kilocalories) that is assessed at the population level using national food balance sheets to determine the supply of dietary energy available to a given population and modeling of how that energy is distributed across the population. As of 2014, one in nine people in the world are undernourished.

MY PERSPECTIVE  In my POV ( point of view ) I think that the people suffering by hunger because of poverty should be given at least 1 or 2 meals every day even if they are in poverty.

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