Neo- Colonization? Types of Imperialism Colonial Imperialism Political Imperialism Economic Imperialism Socio-Cultural Imperialism Forms of Imperialism Tropical Dependencies Settlement Colonies Imperialism – Ch. 19

Industrialization and Imperialism I. The Shift to Land Empires in Asia II. Industrial Rivalries and the Partition of the World, 1870–1914 III. Patterns of Dominance: Continuity and Change

Industrialization and Imperialism

The Shift to Land Empires in Asia Prototype: The Dutch Advance on Java Dutch Initially pay tribute to ruler of Mataram Take part in political rivalry Intervene in succession wars By 1750, dominate

The Stages of Dutch Expansion in Java

The Consolidation of British Rule Mughal decline gives British opportunity Presidencies Capitals: Madras, Bombay, Calcutta Rest of India indirectly ruled

The Growth of the British Empire in India, From the 1750s to 1858

Early Colonial Society in India and Java Asian societies left in place Europeans a dominant class Males marry indigenous women Private/Commercial Initiative (at risk?)

Social Reform in the Colonies British forced to take direct control 1770s, famine in Bengal British East India Company Accountable to British government Indians excluded from administration

Social Reform in the Colonies Evangelical religion Social reform End to slave trade End to sati sought LARGER WESTERN REFORM PERIOD Watershed Attempt to reshape colonial society

Industrial Rivalries and the Partition of the World, Unequal Combat: Colonial Wars and the Apex of European Imperialism Mass-produced weapons Machine gun Railroads, steam ships

The Partition of Africa between c and 1914

Berlin Conference The Berlin Conference of 1884–85 Regulated European colonization and trade in Africa during the “New Imperialism” period Coincided with Germany's sudden emergence as an imperial power. Called for by Portugal and organized by Bismarck, first Chancellor of Germany Outcome -- the General Act of the Berlin Conference, can be seen as the formalization of the Scramble for Africa. The conference ushered in a period of heightened colonial activity by European powers, while simultaneously eliminating most existing forms of African self-governance.

Scramble for Africa

The Partition of Southeast Asia and the Pacific to 1914

Patterns of Dominance: Continuity and Change "Tropical dependencies" Africa, Asia, South Pacific Europeans rule indigenous peoples Settler colonies "White Dominions" e.g. Canada, Australia Inhabitants mostly Europeans

Patterns of Dominance: Continuity and Change Second type e.g. Algeria, Kenya, Southern Rhodesia Large numbers of Europeans Large indigenous numbers Increase over time Increasing conflict

Colonial Regimes and Social Hierarchies in the Tropical Dependencies Cultural influence English language education Missionaries run schools

Changing Social Relations Between Colonizers and the Colonized European communities grow Increasing segregation Ideas of white supremacy Social Darwinism/Racism/Anti-Immigration Shifts in Methods of Economic Extraction Drive to increase production, lower costs Many colonies become dependent Railways, roads built to serve extraction

Changing Social Relations Between Colonizers and the Colonized Settler Colonies in South Africa and the Pacific Relations varied Disease decimates in some cases Some native peoples Westernized Some more resistant

South Africa Afrikaners Enslave Khoikhoi British rule Attempt to end slavery Afrikaners resist Move inland: Great Trek Conflict with Bantu British more involved

South Africa Afrikaners form republics Discovery of diamonds and gold Boer wars ( )

Western Settler Societies Massive European Immigration Industrialization makes west more powerful Impact of improved transportation, communication Such as? Emerging Power of the United States American Civil War, Spurs industrialization

Early 19th-Century Settlements in the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand

European Settlements in Canada, Australia, and New Zealand Peopled by immigrants Follow European political, economic, cultural patterns Canada Federal system

European Settlements in Canada, Australia, and New Zealand Australia From 1788 Gold rush, agricultural development Federal system by 1900 New Zealand Maori defeated by 1860s Agricultural economy

Pacific Tragedies New Zealand 1790s, first Europeans Alcoholism, prostitution spread Maoris adopt firearms 1850s, change British farmers, herders arrive Maoris pushed into interior Adopt European culture

Pacific Tragedies Hawaii James Cook Prince Kamehameha Westernization 1810, rules Hawaiian kingdom Disease devastates population

Pacific Tragedies Hawaii Shift Asian workers American settlers Push for annexation Weak rulers pushed out 1893, last ruler deposed 1898, annexed by United States

Global Connections: A European- Dominated Early Phase of Globalization Industrial Revolution influences globalization The means and motive for colonization Shapes empires Unprecedented flow of goods Accompanied by feelings of superiority