Chapter 27 Study Guide Answers for Sections 3, 4, and 5

What are sepoys? An Indian soldier serving under British command.

Why was India called the “jewel in the crown”? It was the most valuable of all of Britain’s colonies. It was a major supplier of raw materials There were 300 million people who were a large potential market for British made goods.

What was the result of the Sepoy Mutiny? As a result of the Mutiny, The British government took direct command of India.

What was the Raj? British rule after India comes under Britain during the reign of Queen Victoria

What is one result of an emphasis on cash crops to the natives? Due to the emphasis on cash crops, crops for eating weren’t being grown as much which caused famine among the people.

Why was land in the Pacific Rim wanted by the Western nations? Due to their strategic location along the sea route to China. The Western nations also recognized the value of the Pacific colonies as sources of tropical agriculture, minerals, and oil

What were the lands of Southeast Asia well suited for? Plantation agriculture

Who colonized Indochina? The French

What area did the U.S. acquire from the Spanish-American War? The Philippine Islands, Puerto Rico and Guam as a result of the Spanish – American War in 1898.

Why did the U.S. want the annexation of Hawaii? The McKinley Tariff Act passed by the U.S. government set of a crisis in the islands. The act eliminated the tariffs on all sugar entering the U.S. Now sugar from Hawaii was no longer cheaper than sugar produced elsewhere. That change cut into the sugar producer’s profit. Some U.S. business leaders pushed for the annexation so that Hawaiian sugar could be sold for greater profits.

By 1914, what was the status of the Ottoman Empire? The empire had reduced in size and was in deep decline.

Why was the Suez Canal so important strategically? It made European access to Asia much faster.

According to Ram Muhun Roy what did the Indians need to do to move towards independence? He believed that practices such as arranged child marriages, and the rigid caste separation as part of Indian life that needed to be changed. He believed that if the practices were not changed India would continue to be controlled by outsiders. He founded a social reform movement that worked for change in India. There were feelings of modernization, Westernization, and nationalism starting to surface.

What is geopolitics? This is an interest in or taking of land for its strategic location or products.

Which event have we studied that best illustrates geopolitics? The Crimean War since the purpose of it was to give Russia a warm water port.

The policy of paternalism was reflected how by the Africans? The Europeans felt that the Africans needed to be watched over and taken care of.

What type of colonial management was used in Indochina? Direct

What are three factors that contributed to the European conquest of Africa? Technological superiority – Maxim automatic machine gun vs outdated weapons Means to control their empire – invention of steam engine allowed them to establish bases of control deep in Africa; railroads, cables, and steamships allowed close communication between colony and controlling nation Drug to protect from malaria Conditions within Africa: huge variety of languages and wars between ethnic groups over land, water and trade rights and cultures discouraged unity

Explain the significance of the Suez Canal. Include where it is located, the bodies of water it connects, and what control of it meant to the British. The canal was a human-made waterway that cut through the Isthmus of Suez which is part of Egypt It is located between the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea Control of it would allow Britain quicker access to its colonies in Asia and Africa

Identify and explain two positive and two negative effects of British colonialism in India. Positive Effects: Railroads which helped India develop a modern economy and unified regions; Improved infrastructure: modern road network, telegraph and telephone lines, dams, bridges and irrigation canals; Improved sanitation and public health Schools and colleges which increased literacy Ended local warfare

Negative Effects: British held most economic and political power; Restricted Indian-owned industry; Focus on cash crops resulted in los of self- sufficiency for many villages and reduced food output caused famines Traditional Indian life threatened by racist attitude of British and presence of missionaries

Briefly summarize the Sepoy Mutiny. What caused it, what happened, how did it end, and why was it significant? Rumors that cartridges, which soldiers had to bit the end off of were greased with pork and beef fat. Muslims and Hindus outraged and refused the cartridges were sent to jail Caused the sepoys (Indian soldiers) to rebel and the rebellion spread through the north. The British gov’t sent in troops to help the East India Company put down the rebellion. After the Sepoy Mutiny, the British government took direct control of India

Identify and explain three results of colonialism in Southeast Asia. Economies grew based on cash crops or goods that could be sold on the world market Roads, harbors and rail systems improved communication and transportation but mostly benefited European business. Education, health and sanitation did improve The region became a melting pot of Hindus, Muslims, Christians, and Buddhists. This cultural change often led to racial and religious clashes that are still seen today