Explain the differences and similarities among the following terms: famine, starvation, malnutrition, undernutrition, and chronic persistent hunger Page # 1

Famine An increase in the number of deaths in a region due to starvation and related diseases that are caused by food shortage. Berhane, Daniel. ̋Somalia’s Famine to expand [Forecasted map and scenario] ̋ 22 July The Truth Lies Between the Extremes. Online: danielberhane.com. 13 November 2012.

Starvation The most extreme form of hunger. The body wastes away as tissues are broken down to provide energy and protein. Shrivastava, Arun. ̋Starvation deaths in the Indian state of Bihar ̋. 17 January Salem-News. Online: salem-news.com. 13 November 2012.salem-news.com

Malnutrition General term that suggests people´s health is being damaged by a diet that does not meet their needs. Includes undernutrition and overnutrition. Hartman, Pat. ̋Add Fat, Sugar, Salt, Sugar, and Fat. Repeat ̋. 8 July Childhood Obesity News. Online: childhoodobesitynews.com. 13 November 2012.childhoodobesitynews.com

Undernutrition A person is not getting enough of some nutrient. Food and Agriculture Organization. ̋Map shows the food supply gap between rich and poor countries ̋. 9 December Food and Agriculture Organization. Online: 13 November 2012.

Chronic Persistent Hunger Any form of undernutrition for an extended period of time. At times the very old and the very young may die, through immune suppression, of disease such as measles or dysentery. France24.̋ 'Little to rejoice about' on World Food Day, UN envoy says ̋.12 October 2010, France24. Online: 13 November

#2) Describe with specific examples, how technological breakthroughs increased food production in the years up to to 4000 BCE Scratch plow invented – could be pulled by animals

#2) Describe with specific examples, how technological breakthroughs increased food production in the years up to – 900 BCE More robust plow for use in heavy soils of N. Europe Horse collar Horseshoe

#2) Describe with specific examples, how technological breakthroughs increased food production in the years up to – 1870 BCE Blade on plow Movements of crops throughout the world Farming became specialized reducing the number of subsistence farmers Steam-powered equipment Selective breeding Opening of new land (Interior Plains, Australia)

#4)Make a graph and locate the following types of farming operations using an ‘X’ See blackboard

#9) When natural disaster strikes a developing country, developed countries often send food-aid. This food aid, however, can disrupt the local economy. The price of locally grown food drops because free food is available, and farmers lose their income as a result. How should donor countries like Canada deal with such situations?

#13a) How are transgenic crops and animals created?

#13b) Create a summary of the advantages of and concerns about GMO products? Advantages of GMO revolutionConcerns about GMO revolution Can create foods (crops/animals) tailored for specific conditions (drought, saline) Can create nutrition rich foods to target gaps in diets (vitamin A) GM foods do not require as many pesticides/fertilizers (round-up ready) Terminator technology prevents escape of GM crops into the environment Impossible to get enough vit A from golden rice Superbugs - impossible to kill every pest and the offspring of the survivors develop resistance Terminator seeds (because they are patented) force yearly purchases of what used to be free seeds GMOs are controlled by private companies and thus are not free to all Has enough research regarding harmful effects been done?

#13c) On balance do you personally feel comfortable about eating GMO products? Do you think you have enough information to make an informed choice? Explain.