Foto zum Thema... GHG inventory: reporting and practices The Austrian experience 1

Content 2 Data Gathering - The National System The Austrian Air Emission Inventory (OLI) Quality Management Data Management Reports

Austria’s National System The Austrian National Inventory System (NISA) and its Quality Management System (QMS) covers both air pollutants and greenhouse gases. -> First established with a report submitted in 2006 (NISA) -> Changes at that time were included in the IIR/NIR -> Ensures the quality of estimating, reporting and archiving

Requirements of a National System  Contains the establishment and maintenance of the institutional, legal and procedural arrangements between the government agencies and other entities responsible for the performance of all functions defined in the guidelines for national systems like  inventory preparation,  reporting,  archiving of all data and background information.  Assures high quality of the inventory with the objectives of the IPCC ‘good practice guidance’ on time TransparencyAccuracyConsistencyComparabilityCompleteness

NATIONAL INVENTORY SYSTEM AUSTRIA EU ETS DataEU LCP Data EU WI DataEU FC Data EU IED data E-PRTR Data Submission under UNFCCC and under the Kyoto Protocol National Inventory Report (NIR) CRF Tables (Common Reporting Format) Submission under UNECE/LRTAP Informative Inventory Report (IIR) NFR Tables (Nomenclature for Reporting) Submission under EC GHG Monitoring Mechanism CRF Tables/Short-NIR Submission under EC NEC NFR Tables for NEC gases State-of-the-Environment Report (SoE report) Reports to the parliament Reports for the public UNFCCC + Kyoto Protocol UNECE/LRTAP + Protocols EU Greenhouse Gas Monitoring Mechanism Environmental Control Act (Federal Legal Gazette 1998/152) EU NEC Directive National System Quality Management System including Good Practice National Inventory System Austria (NISA) according to the Kyoto- Protocol, Article 5.1 Austrian Air Emission Inventory

Organisational chart of a National System Environment Agency Single National Entity (SNE) with overall responsibility for the national inventory  National Inventory Compiler (supervises inventory preparation process)  compiles CRF/NFR tables & NIR/IIR  manages National Inventory System  implements QA/QC procedures International Obligations UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol EC Monitoring mechanism UNECE/LRTAP Convention EC NEC directive National Monitoring State of the Environment QA/QC plan input from “sector experts” Administrations Ministries Consultants Ministry of the Environment National Focal Point for the UNFCCC Political responsibility Technical responsibility EEA priority data flow

National Inventory System -Responsibilities Quality Management QA/QC procedures Audits, QA/QC plan,... Environment Agency Single National Entity (SNE) with overall responsibility for the national inventory  acts as National Inventory Compiler  compiles CRF/NFR tables and NIR/IIR  manages NIS  implements QA/QC procedures Ministry Industrial Processes EnergyProduct UseLULUCFAgricultureWaste Method Activity data Emission factor Administration National Statistic Office / Administration / Ministries Method AD EF Method AD EF Method AD EF Method AD EF Method AD EF

National System – Summary National systems are key element to ensure reliable inventories Institutional, legal and procedural arrangements  Single national entity  Planning (define responsibilities, choice of methods and data)  Preparation (Use of good practice, inventory estimation, documentation)  Quality assurance and quality control procedures  Archive inventory information Requirements are functional  Flexibility for national circumstances  Compliance depends on ability of system to produce reliable inventory.

AUSTRIAN EMISSION INVENTORY Österreichische Luftschadstoff-Inventur (OLI)  Established in 1994; estimations of emission of SO 2 started in 1978 under the UNECE/LRTAP Convention  The inventory is prepared annually  It comprises the greenhouse gases CO 2, CH 4, N 2 O, HFC, PFC and SF 6, and the air pollutants SO 2, NO x, NMVOC, NH 3, CO, heavy metals (Cd, Hg, Pb), persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and particulate matter (TSP, PM 10 & PM 2.5 )  Is used as data base for fulfilment of national and inter-national reporting obligations  Is subject to a continuous improvements process  It is accredited since 2005 as Inspection Body for Emission Inventories according to ISO/EN Currently about 594 sources, 6 greenhouse gases and 14 air pollutants time series 1980 – 2013 respectively

Institutional arrangements Institutional arrangements with Statistic Austria Activity data from Statistic Austria: contract with the Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management (BMLFUW) Institutional arrangements with Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management (BMLFUW) Emission data (CO 2 ) from Installations under the EU ETS: ordinance regarding Monitoring and Reporting of GHG Emissions (BGBl II 2004/458) Emission data (SO 2, NO x, dust) from Installations under the “Emissionsschutzgesetz für Kesselanlagen”: reporting obligation to UBA (BGBl 150/2004) Activity data from Land deposit sites: Reporting obligation under the Landfill Ordinance (Deponieverordnung, BGBl. 164/1996) Activity data Fluorinated Compounds (FC): Reporting obligation under the Austrian Fluorinated Compounds Ordinance (Industriegas-Verordnung, HFKW_FKW_SF6-VO, BGBl. 447/2002)

Inventory team NIR/IIR report (chapter) writing providing background data for CRF/NFR tables QA/QC procedures NIR project manager Methodological IIR project manager Methodological OLI project manager Technical pollutant expert Transport Industrial Processes Product Use Agriculture LULUCF Waste Fugitives sector expert ─ CO 2 ─ CH 4 ─ N 2 O ─ F-gasses ─ SO 2 ─ NO x ─ NMVOC ─ NH 3 ─ CO ─ Heavy metals ─ POPs ─ Particular matter ─ CO 2 ─ CH 4 ─ N 2 O ─ F-gasses ─ SO 2 ─ NO x ─ NMVOC ─ NH 3 ─ CO ─ Heavy metals ─ POPs ─ Particular matter ─ CO 2 ─ CH 4 ─ N 2 O ─ F-gasses ─ SO 2 ─ NO x ─ NMVOC ─ NH 3 ─ CO ─ Heavy metals ─ POPs ─ Particular matter ─ CO 2 ─ CH 4 ─ N 2 O ─ F-gasses ─ SO 2 ─ NO x ─ NMVOC ─ NH 3 ─ CO ─ Heavy metals ─ POPs ─ Particular matter ─ CO 2 ─ CH 4 ─ N 2 O ─ F-gasses ─ SO 2 ─ NO x ─ NMVOC ─ NH 3 ─ CO ─ Heavy metals ─ POPs ─ Particular matter ─ CO 2 ─ CH 4 ─ N 2 O ─ F-gasses ─ SO 2 ─ NO x ─ NMVOC ─ NH 3 ─ CO ─ Heavy metals ─ POPs ─ Particular matter ─ CO 2 ─ CH 4 ─ N 2 O ─ F-gasses ─ SO 2 ─ NO x ─ NMVOC ─ NH 3 ─ CO ─ Heavy metals ─ POPs ─ Particular matter ─ CO 2 ─ CH 4 ─ N 2 O ─ F-gasses ─ SO 2 ─ NO x ─ NMVOC ─ NH 3 ─ CO ─ Heavy metals ─ POPs ─ Particular matter PM, HM & POPs Energy collecting activity data, emission factors and other relevant information emission estimation

INVENTORY PREPARATION PROCESS Inventory planning team timetable data sources key source analysis … I. Inventory planning II. Inventory preparation III. Inventory management Preparation of the inventory includes three stages. Inventory compiling includes planning of how to distribute available resources (manpower, time,…), prioritization of planned improvements: Based on review findings etc. Inventory preparation collecting data emission estimation report writing QA/QC … Inventory management data processing data storage & backup access authorization …

Establishing an inter-disciplinary inventory team  Sector experts under the guidance of the inventory coordinator – avoid working in isolated cells  Responsible for research, data collection, writing, quality control, and archiving and documentation  Coordinator is responsible for the overall quality of the inventory  A ’National ‘inventory compiler’ may be appointed among the teams to ensure a cohesive document  An organizational chart is recommended as part of the planning process, even if the inventory team is small.  Training needs are identified along with a plan to address them.

DATA SOURCES FOR ACTIVITY DATA SectorData Sources for Activity DataEmission Calculation Energy Energy Balance from Statistik Austria; EU-ETS; Steam boiler database; Umweltbundesamt, plant operators TransportEnergy Balance from Statistik Austria Umweltbundesamt (Aviation), Technical University Graz (Road and Off-road transport) Industry National production statistics, import/export statistics; EU-ETS; direct information from industry or associations of industry Umweltbundesamt, plant operators Emission factors based on national studies SolventShort term statistics for trade and services Austrian foreign trade statistics Structural business statistics Surveys at companies and associations Umweltbundesamt, based on studies by: Institut für industrielle Ökologie and Forschungsinstitut für Energie und Umweltplanung, Wirtschaft und Marktanalysen GmbH*

SectorData Sources for Activity DataEmission Calculation Agriculture National Studies, national agricultural statistics obtained from Statistik Austria; Umweltbundesamt, based on studies by: University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Research Center Seibersdorf LULUCF National forest inventory obtained from the Austrian Federal Office and Research Centre for Forest National agricultural statistics and land use statistics obtained from Statistik Austria Umweltbundesamt WasteDatabase on landfills run by the Umweltbundesamt ( ), Electronic Data Management operated by the BMLFUW (from 2008 on) Umweltbundesamt DATA SOURCES FOR ACTIVITY DATA

data manager Technical IIR project manager Methodological sector expert pollutant expert Responsibilities of sector experts / pollutant experts collecting activity data, emission factors and other relevant information report (chapter) writing providing background data for NFR tables Quality control Responsibilities of sector experts / pollutant experts collecting activity data, emission factors and other relevant information report (chapter) writing providing background data for NFR tables Quality control Particules matter (PM) Heavy metals (HM) Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) Energy Industry Solvents Agriculture Waste -SO 2 -NOx -NMVOC -NH3 -CO -SO 2 -NOx -NMVOC -NH3 -CO -SO 2 -NOx -NMVOC -NH3 -CO -SO 2 -NOx -NMVOC -NH3 -CO -SO 2 -NOx -NMVOC -NH3 -CO -Energy -Industry -Solvents -Agriculture -Waste -Energy -Industry -Solvents -Agriculture -Waste -Energy -Industry -Solvents -Agriculture -Waste Inventory planning: team

SCHEDULE FOR INVENTORY PREPARATION log, number all incoming data check data against previous years use IEA data check units, time series consistency report inconsistencies back to statistics (NSI) transform Nace-CRF/NFR document on QA/QC methodology-online manual Time series consistency sector/pollutant expert check Global check Explain large changes Database fuel totals- vs-National statistics Database-read only mass balance checks check database CRF/NFR output CRF/NFR totals check for large changes from previous year (recalculation) database files spreadsheet files source data manuals report Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Data collection Spreadsheet development data base management CRF/NFR tables NIR / IIR preparation Archiving Ongoing/year-round activities Peer reviews review of emission factors -check tables and numbers -Second person check

ANNUAL PROCEDURE FOR PREPARING AND UPDATING OF THE GHG INVENTORY Management- Review (Aug) Report and evaluation of the quality management system (QMS) fulfillment & plan for the QMS and inventory improvement Kick-Off (Sept) Meeting of sector experts, deputies, and project-/quality and data managers of the inventory; definition of a working plan 15. JanuarySubmission of GHG inventory (CRF & Short-NIR) to the EC 15. Jan FebCheck of data by European Topic Centre on Air and Climate Change 15. MarchSubmission of GHG inventory (NIR) to the EC 15. AprilSubmission of GHG inventory (CRF & NIR) to the UNFCCC June - March Check of data by UNFCCC: – Stage 1: Initial Check – Stage 2: Synthesis and Assessment – Stage 3: Individual Review annual reviews by UN expert review teams until 15. JanuaryPreparation and update of the GHG inventory with consideration of recommendations from the EC and UNFCCC

Annual procedure for preparing and updating of the air emission inventory Management- Review (Aug) Report and evaluation of the quality management system (QMS) fulfillment & plan for the QMS and inventory improvement Kick-Off (Sept) Meeting of sector experts, deputies, and project-/quality and data managers of the inventory; definition of a working plan 31. DecemberSubmission of NEC inventory (NFR) to the EC 15. FebruarySubmission of UNECE/LRTAP inventory (NFR) to CEIP 15. MarchSubmission of UNECE/LRTAP inventory (IIR) to CEIP Mai - June Check of data by CEIP: – Stage 1: Initial Check – Stage 2: Synthesis and Assessment – Stage 3: Individual Review annual reviews by UN expert review teams until 15. JanuaryPreparation and update of the air emission inventory with consideration of recommendations from CEIP

Data collection Reporting obligation  Definition of the data set o time series, o sectors and sub-sector detail, o national coverage, o completeness, o requirements for uncertainty data, o emission factors and/or activity data units o …  Definition of the format (e.g., spreadsheet) and structure (e.g., what different tables are needed and their structure) of the data set,  Description of o any assumptions made regarding national coverage, o the sectors included, o representative year, o technology/management level, o emission factors parameters o uncertainty parameters o Representativeness o …  Identification of the routines and timescales for data collection activities o how often is the data set updated o what elements are updated) o …  Reference to documentation and QA/QC procedures  Contact name and organisation, institutionalisation of data provision  Date of availability and long-term availability  … Refining Data Requirements according to quality objectives (TACCC) and review criteria Definition of category- specific quality criteria according to quality objectives (TACCC) and review criteria Collection of Plant specific data Screening of available data receipt of data QC checks

Data collection Activity data (AD) Emission factors (EF) and direct measurement of emissions Data sources National and International Literature Surveys & Census information o Using existing census and survey data o Developing new Surveys Plant specific data - Use of measurement related data … Data sources Literature sources o Country-specific data from international or national peer reviewed journals o National and international testing facilities (e.g., road traffic testing facilities) o Industrial trade associations (technical papers such as reports, guidelines, standards, sectoral surveys or similar technical material) o National authorities with responsibility for regulating emissions from industrial processes - records and papers, or pollution release and transfer registries - IPCC Guidelines IPCC Emission Factor Database (EFDB) EMEP/CORINAIR Emission Inventory Guidebook Emission factors or other estimation parameters for other countries Data obtained by measurements …

Inventory (data) management Develop the system for data management = a reliable data management to in order to fulfill data collecting and reporting requirements is paramount, because: data collection and processing is performed by different experts big amount of data reporting requirements grow rapidly and may change over time Storing and back-up of all data Develop long term strategies for improvement Prepare needed changes to the system for the next round of the inventory 22

Main Tasks of Data Management Storage of data/record keeping  Central server repository (Backup). Manage access privileges.  Well-defined directory/file-structure to store and find all relevant information of any inventory Data must be structured, consistent and complete  Inventory database(s) stores complete time series from 1980 onwards Support of Transparency  Manage Archive (literature and s relevant for inventory)  SOPs for each and every calculation Manage data flow from and to sector experts  Usage of standard forms (Activities, Background data) and reports  Transparency: data flow must be traceable  Time management (deadlines) Reporting  Generate time series (tables)  Generate excel reports (NFR) QA/QC  Recalculation detection (Reports)  Consistency checks: at activity level

Data management The Austrian air emission inventory (OLI)  is based on SNAP and NAPFUEL nomenclatures, which allows a high level of detail;  is converted into  IPCC Common Reporting Format (CRF) – reporting obligation UNFCCC & EC MM;  Nomenclature for Reporting (NFR) – reporting obligation UNECE/LRTAP and NEC;  passes defined QA/QC procedures;  is subject to strict and unlimited archiving management.  This ensures the availability of required documentation for the future and allows an easy access to current data for a quantitative evaluation and recalculation.

Why do we need an air emission database? Central data collection, storage and computing assists to keep in most of the „inventory rules“: transparency, consistency, completeness, comparability. Provide a link of detailed bottom-up data with reporting format (NFR) Avoid errors in data computing and data transfer Efficient data processing

Inventory Database – Main Functionality Manage sources  Add, edit, delete Data import  QA/QC (completeness)  Validation Data aggregation  Calculate time series reports (tables)  Handling of Notation Keys(e.g. for sources not reported) Reporting  Excel tables generation (e.g. NFR) QA/QC  Recalculation-information  Basic outlier checks

Inventory Database – Content Activity data (fuel consumption, process input material) Emission factors (constant or yearly) Emissions Additional background data Metadata, e.g:  Units  Pollutants  Nomenclatures: SNAP, IPCC, NFR Report tables Log message table (Administration-info)

QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Important component of the Austrian National Inventory System is the quality management system (QMS) according to EN ISO/IEC Accreditation according to EN ISO/IEC provides evidence of (1) an efficient quality management system; (2) technical competence of the involved staff; (3) independence, impartiality, and integrity of the involved staff. The requirements of EN ISO/IEC (Type A) are fulfilled. A Type A inspection body provides “third party” services. berwachung/

Impartiality and Integrity  The personnel of the inspection body shall be free from any commercial, financial and other pressures which might affect their judgement.  It has to be ensured that persons or organisations external to the inspection body cannot influence the results of inspections carried out. Independence - Type A inspection body: third party services  independent of parties involved staff not engaged in activities that may conflict with independence of judgment  all interested parties shall have access to service from inspection body ISO Definition

Documentation What?  Referencing data sources in spreadsheets  Stating assumptions along with description and sources  Dating files  Maintaining paper copies of references for archiving Why?  Inventory staff may change  A number of years may elapse between inventories  Ensure consistency across inventories  Encourage efficiency in inventory preparation

IBE Improvement plan (I) Documentation of errors and planned/made improvements, sources:  external experts,  Head of Inspection Body,  Sector Experts,  Review  all findings from the UNFCCC Reviews (ARR) are documented + measures planned responsibility of the respective Sector Expert monitored by the Head of Inspection Body improvements that are relevant in terms of resources are presented in the Management Review to the CEO, and if additional resources are needed notification to the ministry  IBE Improvements List – MS Excel (all sectors, general, QMS)

IBE Improvement Plan (II) description (issue) and source (e.g. ARR 2012 §10) rating measure Timeline finished check of implementation by the Head of Inspection Body

Management Review Review/Evaluation of the performance of previous year Review/Evaluation of the QMS Plan for next year Input:  Inventory Improvement Plan  TACCC, QA/Verification, ARR Evaluation of fulfilment of previous plan Decision on new plan  QMS Improvement Plan  resources, trainings, internal audits Evaluation of fulfilment of previous plan Decision on new plan  Annual report to the CEO  „IBE Management Review Report“

Reports 34 Data collected and published, depending on the reporting requirements Publication of the report is announced via press conference Report is available on the website, a summary containing the most important information is sent out in a press release The most important graphics are also contained

Contact & Information Dr. Maria Purzner Tel. +43/1/ Umweltbundesamt GHG inventory: reporting and practices The Austrian Experience Dushanbe ■ 27/04/2015

Activity form Excel spreadsheet Reference Activity data Emission factor Emission Source description Sector expert Link to calculation sheet

Documentation (I) System for transparent documentation of inventory data and information (assumptions etc.) that allows reproduction of inventory RefEmissionfactor [g/Mg] (1)100 (1)100 (2)107 (3)103 (3)103 Documentation Source XY Emissionfactors Ref (1): taken from Study [L001] Ref (2): see calculation sheet [B001] Ref (3): based on assumption that... Activity form Source XY

Data to Report – how is it done? Data is calculated by sector experts following UNFCCC and EMEP/EEA guidelines Data is used for several reporting requirements Data needs to be easily available for different reporting requirements 38

Work/Data Flow Example of Inventory Preparation Process 39