PUSHING THE AXIS BACK Chapter 20, Section 4 By Mr. Thomas Parsons

I. Striking Back at the Third Reich A.The Casablanca Conference – January 1943, FDR met with Prime Minister Churchill to plan the next stage of the war. 1.Increase the bombing of Germany to destroy military, industrial, and economic system and hurt the German morale. 2.Attack the Axis on the island of Sicily.

B.The new massive daylight bombing campaign by the United States and Britain against Germany 1. It did not destroy the German economy or undermine its moral. 2.However, the bombing caused a severe oil shortage 3.Also destroyed irreplaceable railroad and aircraft in Germany. 4.As a result, allies landing in France had total control of the air and could not be bombed

C.General Dwight D. Eisenhower was the overall commander of the invasion of Sicily. 1.General Patton and British General Montgomery were in charge of the forces on the ground. 2.By August 18, Germans had evacuated the island. 3.Mussolini was placed under arrest by the king of Italy. 4.On September 8, 1943, the Italian government announced Italy’s surrender. 5.Hitler sent German troops to seize control of Italy and put Mussolini back in power. 6.In May 1944, the Germans retreated.

D.Roosevelt, Stalin and Churchill met in Tehran, Iran, and reached several agreements about the plans for the rest of the war and after the war.

II. Landing in France A.The code name for the planned invasion of France by the Allies was Operation Overlord B.General Eisenhower was selected to command the invasion.

C. The Allies had the advantage of surprise- 1.The Germans did not know when or where they would strike. 2.The Germans were fooled into thinking the attack would occur in Pas-de-Calais 3.The invasion was planned to take place in Normandy Further south

E. D-Day June 6, Called D-Day - Eisenhower’s referred to “D” as the time day of any invasion. 2.Beaches all code named – Utah, Juno, Gold, Sword, Omaha 3.largest invasion in history (to that date) a.12,000 airplanes b.7,000 ships c.100,000 soldiers

D-Day June 6, (Cont) 4.The Allied forces had little trouble capturing the Utah Beach and moving inland. 5.The American forces at Omaha Beach met intense German Fire. 6.American commander General Omar Bradley planned and evacuation of Omaha Beach, 7.But the American Troops moved forward against the Germans, The invasion succeeded.

III. Driving the Japanese Back A.Two-pronged attack 1. Admiral Nimitz and the Pacific Fleet were to hop from island to island to get close to Japan. 2.General MacArthur’s troops would a.advance through the Solomon Islands, b.capture the north coast of New Guinea, c.and retake the Philippines.

B.The Island-hopping campaign began fall of 1943, began in the central Pacific at Tarawa 1.Although many US Marines died while wading ashore 2.The LVT-a boat with tank tracks, also called the amphtrac, was able to cross the reef and get troops to shore. 3.The Amphtrac was used successfully at Kwajalein, an Atoll in the Marshall Islands

B.The Island-hopping campaign began Fall of 1943, began in the central Pacific at Tarawa (cont) 4.B-29 bombers used to help in the invasion of three of the Mariana Islands, which were captured by American troops by August A few months later, the B-29 bombers began bombing Japan.

C.General MacArthur’s Campaign 1.Invaded Guadalcanal in August In early 1944, MacAurthur’s troops had captured enough islands to surround Rabaul, the main Japanese base in the region. 3.MacArthur ordered his troops to travel 600 miles past Rabaul to capture the Japanese base at Hollandia in New Guinea. 4.Securing New Guinea, the troops headed to the Philippines to take it back.

D.The Battle of Leyte Gulf 1.Japanese warships headed through the Philippine Islands into Leyte Gulf and ambushed American ships. 2.Largest naval battle in history and the first time the Japanese used kamikaze attacks. 3.The Japanese commander ordered a retreat, fearing additional American ships were on the way.

E.The Battle to recapture the Philippines left Manila in ruins and over 100,000 Filipino civilians dead

Closing Assessment 1.) Explain the purpose of the Casablanca Conference, and its outcome on the war effort in Europe? 2.) Explain the purpose of the Island Hopping campaign in the Pacific, and identify new machinery that was used to help defeat the Japanese?