Chemical Characteristics Assessing Hazards Presented by: Eureka Educators.

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Presentation transcript:

Chemical Characteristics Assessing Hazards Presented by: Eureka Educators

Chemical Characteristics Today’s Topics  Physical States of Matter  Boiling Point  B.L.E.V.E.  Cryogens  Fuel Family  Flash Point  Flammable Range  Ignition Temperature

Chemical Characteristics Today’s Topics  Corrosives  Vapor Density  Specific Gravity  Solubility

SOLID LIQUID GAS Melting/Freezing Point ……………… Boiling Point ………………………..

SOLID LIQUID GAS Melting/Freezing Point ……………… Boiling Point ………………………..

Boiling Point The temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid exceeds the surrounding pressure

Boiling Point The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas

Boiling Point

At what temperature does water boil?

Boiling Point At what temperature does water boil? 212° F

Boiling Point Water212degrees F Pentane97degrees F Sulfuric Acid518 degrees F

Boiling Point 15,000ft Sea Level 184°F 212°F Water212degrees F Pentane97degrees F Sulfuric Acid518 degrees F

Boiling Point Water212degrees F Pentane97degrees F Sulfuric Acid518 degrees F

Boiling Point Water212degrees F Pentane97degrees F Sulfuric Acid518 degrees F

Boiling Point Pentane97° F

Boiling Point Sulfuric Acid 518° F

B.L.E.V.E. B oiling L iquid E xpanding V apor E xplosion

B.L.E.V.E.  Acetone 133°F  Acetic Acid 103°F  Pentane 97°F  Ethylene glycol 388°F

B.L.E.V.E.  Pentane 97°F  Acetic Acid 103°F  Acetone 133°F  Ethylene glycol 388°F

Cryogenic Gases CRYOGENIC GASES are gases with a boiling point of 150 degrees below zero Fahrenheit or lower, and are liquefied using temperature and/or pressure. Click here for Cryogen Video CRYOGENICBOILINGPOINTEXPANSIONRATIO % BY VOLUME OF GAS IN AIR ARGON-302°F 840 TO HYDROGEN-423°F 848 TO NITROGEN-320°F 694 TO OXYGEN-297°F 857 TO

Cryogenic Gases THE HAZARDS OF CRYOGENIC GASES: 1. Extremely cold temperatures 2. High expansion ratios/displacement of oxygen 3. Hazards associated with the chemical itself The application of water does not cool a cryogen

Don’t Burn SOLID LIQUID GAS

SOLID LIQUID GAS

SOLID LIQUID GAS

Melting/Freezing Point ……………… Boiling Point ……………………….. SOLID LIQUID GAS

Boiling Point Using Boiling Point to separate mixtures EtOH 173°F Water212°F

Crude Oil “Carbon Soup”

-57° 450° FLASH POINT

204° -45°

Flammable Range The FLAMMABLE RANGE is defined by the LFL (Lower Flammable Limit) and the UFL (Upper Flammable Limit).

Flammable Range LFL ---- UFL Note the LFL as an indicator of how small a release it will require to cause a fire or explosion hazard

Flammable Range LFL ---- UFL Note the spread between the LFL and UFL as an indicator of how large an area might be within the Flammable Range.

Flammable Range FUEL LFL (LEL) UFL (UEL) Natural Gas Acetylene Gasoline Anhydrous ammonia The FLAMMABLE RANGE is defined by the LFL (Lower Flammable Limit) and the UFL (Upper Flammable Limit).

Flammable Range FUEL LFL (LEL) UFL (UEL) Natural Gas 5 Acetylene Gasoline Anhydrous ammonia The FLAMMABLE RANGE is defined by the LFL (Lower Flammable Limit) and the UFL (Upper Flammable Limit).

Flammable Range FUEL LFL (LEL) UFL (UEL) Natural Gas 515 Acetylene Gasoline Anhydrous ammonia The FLAMMABLE RANGE is defined by the LFL (Lower Flammable Limit) and the UFL (Upper Flammable Limit).

Flammable Range FUEL LFL (LEL) UFL (UEL) Natural Gas 515 Acetylene2.5 Gasoline Anhydrous ammonia The FLAMMABLE RANGE is defined by the LFL (Lower Flammable Limit) and the UFL (Upper Flammable Limit).

Flammable Range FUEL LFL (LEL) UFL (UEL) Natural Gas 515 Acetylene2.582 Gasoline Anhydrous ammonia The FLAMMABLE RANGE is defined by the LFL (Lower Flammable Limit) and the UFL (Upper Flammable Limit).

Flammable Range FUEL LFL (LEL) UFL (UEL) Natural Gas 515 Acetylene (100%) Gasoline Anhydrous ammonia The FLAMMABLE RANGE is defined by the LFL (Lower Flammable Limit) and the UFL (Upper Flammable Limit).

Flammable Range FUEL LFL (LEL) UFL (UEL) Natural Gas 515 Acetylene (100%) Gasoline Anhydrous ammonia The FLAMMABLE RANGE is defined by the LFL (Lower Flammable Limit) and the UFL (Upper Flammable Limit).

Flammable Range FUEL LFL (LEL) UFL (UEL) Natural Gas 515 Acetylene (100%) Gasoline Anhydrous ammonia 1528 The FLAMMABLE RANGE is defined by the LFL (Lower Flammable Limit) and the UFL (Upper Flammable Limit).

Flash Point The FLASH POINT is the temperature at which enough vapor is formed, above the surface of the liquid, to allow for a flash

Flash Point If you know the Flash Point, then you know the temperature at which you are threatened by the possibility of fire.

Don’t Burn SOLID LIQUID GAS

Flash Point

Flash Point is the temperature that the liquid had to be in order to create enough vapor, above the surface of the liquid, to allow for a flash.

Flash Point Temperature at which the LFL is formed above the liquid LFL

Flash Point The FLASH POINT is the temperature at which enough vapor is formed, above the surface of the liquid, to allow for a flash FUEL FLASH POINT Gasoline-45°F Acetone Isopropyl alcohol

Flash Point The FLASH POINT is the temperature at which enough vapor is formed, above the surface of the liquid, to allow for a flash FUEL FLASH POINT Gasoline-45°F Acetone0°F Isopropyl alcohol

Flash Point The FLASH POINT is the temperature at which enough vapor is formed, above the surface of the liquid, to allow for a flash FUEL FLASH POINT Gasoline-45°F Acetone0°F Isopropyl alcohol 53°F

Flash Point Demo Isopropyl alcohol Flash Point 53°

Ignition Temperature The minimum temperature required to cause self-sustained combustion. FUEL Ignition Temperature Gasoline 536 – 853°F Acetone869°F Anhydrous ammonia 1562°F White phosphorous 86°F

Ignition Temperature White phosphorous 86°F

pH The “p” stands for “potenz”… a German word meaning strength. The “H” stands for “hydrogen ions”

pH ACID BASE CAUSTIC ALKALINE

pH ACID BASE CAUSTIC ALKALINE

pH ACID BASE CAUSTIC ALKALINE 10X

pH ACID BASE CAUSTIC ALKALINE 100X

pH ACID BASE CAUSTIC ALKALINE 1,000 X

pH ACID BASE CAUSTIC ALKALINE 10,000 X

pH ACID BASE CAUSTIC ALKALINE 100,000X

pH ACID BASE CAUSTIC ALKALINE 1,000,000X

pH Acid/BaseSolutionpH BASEALKALINECAUSTIC Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) Household Bleach Milk of Magnesia Baking Soda NEUTRAL Water (distilled) Milk76.8 ACIDRain Black coffee Cola, vinegar Hydrochloric acid

pH Mitigation Choices:

pH  Neutralize  Absorb  Contain/Collect  Dilute

pH Mitigation Choices:  Neutralize

pH Mitigation Choices:  Absorb

pH Mitigation Choices:  Contain/Collect

pH Mitigation Choices:  Dilute  “Dilution is never the solution”

pH Mitigation Choices:  Dilute One million gallons of water to neutralize 1 gallon of corrosive

pH Which of these is most corrosive? Drano pH 13 Coffee pH 5 Vinegar pH 3

pH Which of these is most corrosive? Drano pH 13 Coffee pH 5 Vinegar pH 3

pH Which of these is least corrosive? Drano pH 13 Coffee pH 5 Vinegar pH 3

pH Which of these is least corrosive? Drano pH 13 Coffee pH 5 Vinegar pH 3

Vapor Density VAPOR DENSITY is the relative density (weight per unit volume) of vapor as compared to AIR.

Vapor Density VAPOR DENSITY is the relative density (weight per unit volume) of vapor as compared to AIR. Air Molecular Weight (Average) = 29

Vapor Density VAPOR DENSITY is the relative density (weight per unit volume) of vapor as compared to AIR. Methane Molecular Weight = 16 CH 4 Air Molecular Weight (Average) = 29

Vapor Density Methane Molecular Weight = 16 Vapor Density = 16/29 = 0.5 CH 4 Air Molecular Weight (Average) = 29 VAPOR DENSITY is the relative density (weight per unit volume) of vapor as compared to AIR.

Vapor Density Vapor Hydrogen0.07 Anhydrous ammonia 0.6 Carbon monoxide 0.96 Air1.0 Carbon dioxide 1.59 MDI8.63 VAPOR DENSITY is the relative density (weight per unit volume) of vapor as compared to AIR.

Vapor Density VAPOR DENSITY is the relative density (weight per unit volume) of vapor as compared to AIR. Vapor Vapor Density Hydrogen0.07 Anhydrous ammonia 0.6 Carbon monoxide 0.96 Air1.0 Carbon dioxide 1.59 MDI8.63

Vapor Density VAPOR DENSITY is the relative density (weight per unit volume) of vapor as compared to AIR. Vapor Vapor Density Hydrogen0.07 Anhydrous ammonia 0.6 Carbon monoxide 0.96 Air1.0 Carbon dioxide 1.59 MDI8.63

Vapor Density VAPOR DENSITY is the relative density (weight per unit volume) of vapor as compared to AIR. Vapor Vapor Density Hydrogen0.07 Anhydrous ammonia 0.6 Carbon monoxide 0.96 Air1.0 Carbon dioxide 1.59 MDI8.63

Vapor Density VAPOR DENSITY is the relative density (weight per unit volume) of vapor as compared to AIR. Vapor Vapor Density Hydrogen0.07 Anhydrous ammonia 0.6 Carbon monoxide 0.96 Air1.0 Carbon dioxide 1.59 MDI8.63

Vapor Density VAPOR DENSITY is the relative density (weight per unit volume) of vapor as compared to AIR. Vapor Vapor Density Hydrogen0.07 Anhydrous ammonia 0.6 Carbon monoxide 0.96 Air1.0 Carbon dioxide 1.59 MDI8.63

Vapor Density Compute vapor density for the following (Remember the MW for Air=29): Ethyl Chloride Nitrogen dioxide

Vapor Density Compute vapor density for the following (Remember the MW for Air=29): Ethyl Chloride 64.5/29 =2.2 Nitrogen dioxide 46/29 =1.6

Specific Gravity SPECIFIC GRAVITY is the relative density (weight per unit volume) of a liquid as compared to WATER. Density of Water = 8.33 lbs/gal Density of Gasoline = 6.6 lbs/gal Specific Gravity of Gasoline = 6.6 / 8.33

Specific Gravity SPECIFIC GRAVITY is the relative density (weight per unit volume) of a liquid as compared to WATER. Density of Water = 8.33 lbs/gal Density of Gasoline = 6.6 lbs/gal Specific Gravity of Gasoline = 0.79

Specific Gravity SPECIFIC GRAVITY is the relative density (weight per unit volume) of a liquid as compared to WATER. Liquid Specific Gravity Gasoline0.79 Acetone0.79 Propionic acid ,1,1 Trichloroethane 1.3 Tetranitromethane1.62 Sulfur pentafloride 2.08

Specific Gravity/Solubility Liquid Specific Gravity Solubility Gasoline0.79Insoluble Acetone0.79Miscible Propionic acid 0.99Miscible 1,1,1 Trichloroethane % Tetranitromethane1.62Insoluble Sulfur pentafloride 2.08Insoluble

Specific Gravity/Solubility If the following chemicals are spilled in a ditch with moving water, which one(s) can be absorbed or skimmed off the top of the water with booms. Propargyl alcohol NaphthaNonane

Specific Gravity/Solubility If the following chemicals are spilled in a ditch with moving water, which one(s) can be absorbed or skimmed off the top of the water with booms. Propargyl alcohol NaphthaNonane

Solubility “Like dissolves like”

Solubility

Solubility + -

Solubility

Solubility

Solubility

Solubility

Solubility

Solubility Which of the following chemicals will dissolve thoroughly in water? DisulfiramAcetone

Solubility Disulfiram0.02% AcetoneMiscible

Solubility Which of the following chemicals will dissolve thoroughly in water? Disulfiram AcetoneMiscible

Chemical Characteristics Assessing Hazards Presented by: Eureka Educators