Health Care Systems Delivering Health Care to the Community

Journal Question ► Name as many different types of health care agencies as you can think of in 2 minutes. Please do not do this as a group.

Health Care Industry ► Fastest growing and largest industries in USA – going to add another 3.2 million jobs by 2018 ► Employees 14 million workers in 200 different health care careers – 9% of workforce!! ► Health care generated $1.74 trillion in revenue in 2010 ► So where do these 14 million health care workers deliver care?

Hospitals ► Major type of health care facility ► General cares for multiple types of conditions and many different populations of clients. Both Wadley and St. Michael’s are general care facilities. ► Specialty hospitals are those that provide care to a special population or for conditions. Examples are Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Burn Centers, Psychiatric hospitals

Hospitals ► Are also classified by funding (money!)  Private or for-profit – operated as business to make money for the shareholders who own it.  Religious- operated as religious ministry ► Example would be Christus St. Michael’s

Hospitals  Government – funded by government ► Example would be Veteran’s Administration Hospital, State Psychiatric Hospital  Non-profit – funded by money made and donations, all money made is turned back into operation of facility ► Example would be Christus

Hospitals Wadley Hospital Christus St. Michael’s

Long Term Care Facilities (LTC) ► Provide assistance and care to elderly or disabled/handicapped individuals ► Some are called Nursing Homes – provide the basic physical and emotional care to individuals who cannot care for themselves. Also give opportunities for social interaction. ► Persons who live there are often called Residents.

Long Term Care Facilities (LTC) ► Some are extended care or skilled care– prepares more acutely ill to transition back to home or nursing home.

Long Term Care Facilities (LTC) ► Some facilities are independent living or assisted living centers – provide basic assistance such as laundry and meal services, housekeeping and transportation to individuals who can otherwise care for themselves. ► Also provide opportunities for social interaction.

Long Term Care Facilities ► Many have different levels of care within same facility ► One of the fastest growing industries due to growing elderly population

Medical/Dental/Optical Offices ► Vary from one physician to group of physicians of same or different specialties ► Services include evaluation and diagnosis of disease, diagnostic testing such as x-ray and lab, treatments and minor surgery ► Example: Collum and Carney Clinic – multi-physician group Clinic – multi-physician group

Emergency Care Services ► May include air and ground ambulance response teams ► Many communities have immediate care clinics for minor emergencies ► Example: Life Net EMS ambulance service and HealthCare Express

Community Laboratory & Imaging Centers ► More independent laboratory services and x- ray, MRI, PET scans are becoming available in the community ► Examples: Quest Laboratory Services, Texarkana Pathology Services, Texarkana PET Imaging Services, Open Air MRI of Texarkana

Hospice ► Provides care for those who have less than 6 months to live (terminally ill) – provide physical, social, emotional care and support for patient and family.

Home Health Agencies ► Provide care services in a patient’s home. Provide everything from provider care that assists with activities of daily living to Physical Therapy, Nursing Services

Rehabilitation ► Can be located in private offices, hospital or clinic settings and provide care for those with physical, mental or emotional disabilities ► Goal to return patient to highest level of functioning possible ► Examples are Health South Rehab, St. Michael’s Rehab

Site Based Clinics ► Clinics that provide select health care services can be found in schools & universities, industrial facilities ► May provide minor emergency care and health screenings and health promotion activities

Agencies related to Health Care – World Health Organization (WHO)  International agency sponsored by the United Nations.  Compiles and publishes statistics and information and well as addressing health issues around the world.

Agencies Related to Health Care US Department of Health & Human Services ► Federal agency that deals with health problems in US. ► Has several subdivisions:  NIH  CDC  OSHA  FDA  Local Health Depts.

National Institute for Health (NIH)

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)  Workplace standards & enforcement to protect workers safety & health

Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ► Regulates food/drug products sold to public in the United States

Centers for Disease Control ► Concerned with cause, spread and control of infectious disease in the United States

State and local (city, county) Health departments ► Local clinics directed by USDHHS and provide specific services needed by community: ► Immunizations ► Inspections for health/sanitation ► Communicable disease control ► Health clinics related to reproduction, TB, AIDS, etc. ► Health education/prevention ► Record Keeping

Voluntary or Non-profit Organizations ► Supported by donations, membership fees, fundraisers, and federal/state grants. ► Many involved in research of particular diseases, public education and public service.