The role of public science & technology in supporting the maritime activities (focused on MED) R&I in the service of Economy and Society - Thessaloniki, 30 May 2014 Pier Francesco Moretti

COM (2011) 200: A PARTNERSHIP FOR DEMOCRACY AND SHARED PROSPERITY WITH THE SOUTHERN MEDITERRANEAN + Facility for Euro-Mediterranean Investment and Partnership Trade and investment are engines for growth and help to reduce poverty. They bring people together, securing ties between nations and contributing to political stability. Focus on: support for the private sector and creating an investment-friendly environment. ECONOMY does not act in isolation…. CAIRO DECLARATION OF THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN MINISTERIAL CONFERENCE ON THE ENVIRONMENT (2006): peace vs prosperity Inclusive Wealth Report 2012: prosperity is not only limited to GDP…human and natural capital. The health of human and natural capital is fundamental for investments-labor-growth.

The role of RESEARCH & INNOVATION (1/2) Policy makers & Society Industry & Services Researchers & Technologists Knowledge / technology advance Support to economy: R&I as a new source of Growth (EC COM 2014) Support to policy

…responsible …credible salient …sustainable Not a comparative advantage but a shared value (Porter & Kramer 2011, Harvard Business Review) The role of RESEARCH & INNOVATION (2/2)

PUBLIC-PRIVATE interaction/partnerships, Member States vs EU, EU vs NON-EU. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY should no more act in isolation… Diversities vs Priorities EU 27 DE MAIN EU POLITICAL DRIVERS (for marine & maritime issues) Directive MSFD 2008/56/EC, Directive 2009/28/EC renewable energy, Common Fishery Policy, Bioeconomy COM (2010)546, Integrated Maritime Policy COM (2007)575, Aquaculture COM (2009) 162,Fishery COM (2010) 546, Healthy seafood COM (2007)539, Marine knowledge 2020 COM (2010)461, Strategy for marine research COM (2008)534, Raw materials COM (2011)25, Marine Spatial Planning COM (2010)771, Integrated Coastal Zone Management COM (2007)308, Common Information Sharing Environment COM (2012)584, Blue Growth COM (2012)494. EU MED Countries in 2011

MEDITERRANEAN: small and crowded… competing claims shared space and resources Marine Environment & Resources Human ActivitiesClimate change Only this?

Eurostat, 2012 EMPLOYERS Mature activities: Growth stage: Pre-dvlpmnt stage: Maritime industries and sectors (in EU, 2012, source DG MARE) : Be careful to aims… GDP ≠ employment ≠ prosperity Productivity Employment tourism, shortsea shipping, shipbuilding fishery & aquaculture offshore oils & gas coastal protection marine aquatic products offshore wind cruise shipping monitoring and surveillance bio-tech, renewable energy mining

CHANGE is UNNATURAL act: static efficiency or dynamic improvement? From the DIAMOND of national advantage (Michael E. Porter, Harvard) “Only companies can achieve and sustain competitive advantage…. Companies achieve competitive advantage through acts of innovation, skills and knowledge” Skilled labor/ infrastructure Home market Domestic rivalry/ management Related and supporting industries The role of public research: shaping the opportunities for knowledge-intensive economy: a problem of timescales and budgets (but legislation…)

In practice, a challenge: many Strategic Research and Innovation Agendas…to boost economy? Technology Platforms: WATERBORNE, EFTP, EATiP… Member States initiatives: Seasera, COFASP, JPI Oceans Shopping lists? Common denominators? Enablers?

From the “Study to support the development of sea-basin cooperation in the Mediterranean, Adriatic and Ionian, and Black sea (Feb 2014) Contract MARE/2012/07 N°2“ MED SEA extract from the main findings: Environmental issues represent a major concern Tourism is major topic for Med cooperation Maritime transport : (i) major sector in most countries; (ii) cooperation justified by integrated procedures and management systems, and by the need for common rules and common risk prevention systems; (iii) especially critical for islands Marine aquaculture : focuses on research and capacity building between old/new EU countries and EU/non-EU countries. BLACK SEA extract from the main findings: The vast majority of initiatives have been implemented by – and provided benefits for - the public sector….. this suggests that there should be greater future emphasis on public- private partnerships and the development of business to business linkages, coastal tourism, ship building. From the MAPPING of EXISTING INITIATIVES AND PROJECTS with a specific focus on Blue Growth and related initiatives:

Example from Seasera MED Sea Priority areas: Renewable energy Marine biotechnology Maritime transport Living marine resources Climate change and impacts Biodiversity and conservation biology Deep sea ecosystems Biological invasions Marine pollution Ocean & health Socioeconomics & policies MSP & ICZM Marine hazards Living marine resources Ocean energy Marine biotechnology Maritime transport & marine environment Operational oceanography Research gaps….but feasibility + timescales vs impact + coherency between instruments and actions for cooperation and funding Example from Seasera BLACK Sea Priority areas: Renewable energy Exploitation of mineral resources, energy and communication projects Marine biotechnology Maritime transport Sustainable Fishery and aquaculture

Strategies & programmes vs actions: a governance and motivation challenge POLICY RES FUNDING ORG RES PERFORMING ORG RESEARCHERS + INFRASRUCTURES Research levels and research fields TOP-DOWN (hierarchy) BOTTOM-UP (market/ self-organization) New modes of governance INDUSTRY CIVIL SOCIETY

Consultation in the marine & maritime issues… ADVISORY GROUPS (selected individuals) Tech Platforms ERANETS WEB et al. i.e. Marine knowledge etc., lobbyists waterborne, aquaculture, fishery JPIs Boards Marine Board, ICES, CIESM, EFARO, OSPAR, WOC, SCOR, IOC, IMO, Modeg, Bemont Forum Infrastructures I3 Seasera, Cofasp, Marine bio-tech, ECORD JPI Oceans Infrastructures ESFRI Eurofleet, Jerico, Mesoaqua, Seadadanet, Marinet, FixO3, Assemble, Aquaexcell, hydralab IV EMSO, Euro-Argo Others AMPERA, ARICE, ECCSEL, LTER-Europe, MarSITE, SCIDIP-ES-SCI, COOPEUS, ENVRI, COPERNICUS, MY Ocean 2, EMODNET, Euro-Goos, EMBRC, MARTEC, BONUS, BIOT

Key messages: coherency, feasibility, timescales, adopting the right instruments/actions…: Horizon 2020? Structural funds? Trans-national cooperation? P2P? Some ideas… Pollution: mitigation and remediation? Offshore: surface infra + environmental impacts? Human Capacity: Marine & Maritime programme? Observing/Infra: relevant support/services? New topics:response to emergencies? Impacts of climate change on jobs? Cross-cutting approach: focusing on SUSTAINABILITY?...a possible ERA scenario…, or: next slide… “Another surprise is that corporate-sponsored inventions spur more 'knowledge spillovers', on average, than federally sponsored research” (Wright et al. 2014, Nature) so: industry should not write the agendas for academy, but indeed science should focus on relevant and salient issues with impacts on reasonable timescales. So: “The role of public science & technology in supporting the maritime activities”…

HERITAGE BIO- RESOURCES HUMAN ACTIVITIES Mediterranean Diet Fishery Landscape Wellbeing Smart use of territories & resources / Tourism GOOD ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS SPATIAL PLANNING JPI Oceans JPI Cultural Heritage JPI FACCE JPI Healthy Diet JPI Urban JPI WATER A MED integrated approach…