Do Now Study #2 for quiz on Pro vs. Euk Cells

Two Main Types of Eukaryotic Cells Plant Cell Animal Cell

Organelles

Organelles Very small (Microscopic) Perform various functions for a cell Found in the cytoplasm May or may not be membrane- bound

5 Animal Cell Organelles Nucleolus Nucleus Nuclear envelope Ribosome (attached) Ribosome (free) Cell Membrane Rough endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Mitochondrion Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Centrioles

6 Plant Cell Organelles

7 Cell or Plasma Membrane Outside of cell Inside of cell (cytoplasm) Cell membrane Proteins Protein channel Lipid bilayer Carbohydrate chains WHAT it is: Controls what enters or leaves the cell Composed of double layer of phosphoLIPIDS and proteins Its FOUND in: ALL CELLS FACTORY: Security Guard Gate around the Factory

8 Phospholipids Tails = HATE water Heads = LOVE water Hydrophillic Heads contain Glycerol & Phosphate (WATER LOVING) Hydrophobic Tails are made of fatty acids (WATER FEARING) Make up a bilayer where tails point inward toward each other

9 The Cell Membrane is Fluid Molecules in cell membranes are constantly moving and changing copyright cmassengale

10 Cell Wall FUNCTION: Supports and protects cell Found outside of the cell membrane Made of Cellulose FOUND In: PLANTS ONLY FACTORY: BRICK WALL protecting to outside of the whole factory

CELL WALL

12 FUNCTION: Watery, jelly like environment that contains all the organelles FOUND IN: ALL CELLS FACTORY: The FLOOR of the factory OR Like the AIR in the factory Cytoplasm of a Cell cytoplasm

13 FUNTION: Controls the normal activities of the cell Contains the DNA in chromosomes FOUND IN: ALL CELLS FACTORY: The BOSS of the factory NUCLEUS

14 NUCLEUS

15 Inside the Nucleus - The genetic material (DNA) is found DNA is spread out And appears as CHROMATIN in non-dividing cells DNA is condensed & wrapped around proteins forming as CHROMOSOMES in dividing cells

16 What Does DNA do? DNA is the hereditary material of the cell Genes that make up the DNA molecule code for different proteins

17 Mitochondria FUNCTION: “Powerhouse” of the cell Generate cellular energy (ATP) Site of CELLULAR RESPIRATION (breaks down glucose to give the cell energy) FOUND IN: ALL CELLS FACTORY: POWERPLANT of the factory The FURNACE burning coal for energy

18 MITOCHONDRIA IMPORTANT: Folded shape increases the surface area for more reactions (= MORE ATP CREATED)

MITOCHONDRIA 19

Chloroplasts FUNCTION: Use energy from sunlight to make own food (glucose) during Photosynthesis Are green because of CHLOROPHYLL FOUND IN: PLANTS ONLY! FACTORY: Solar energy panels Coal burned by furnace (mitichondria) for energy

CHLOROPLAST

Ribosomes FUNCTION: Makes PROTEINS!!! “Protein factories” for cell Join amino acids to make proteins (called protein synthesis) Can be: free or attached (to the ER) FOUND IN: ALL CELLS FACTORY: The WORKERS 

RIBOSOMES 23

Vacuoles FUNCTION: Storage compartment in cells Plant cells have a LARGE Central Vacuole Small or absent in animal cells FOUND IN: Large vacuole in PLANTS FACTORY: Storage closet or warehouse

VACUOLE

Endoplasmic Reticulum - ER FUNTION: Transport chemicals between cells and within cells Provides large surface area for chemical reactions to occur Two Kinds: –Rough = has ribosomes –Smooth = no ribosomes FOUND IN: ALL CELLS FACTORY: Assembly line of the factory

27 Endomembrane System Includes nuclear membrane connected to ER connected to cell membrane (transport) copyright cmassengale

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM 28

Golgi Bodies FUNCTION: Sort and packages the products of the cell for transport within and out of the cellSort and packages the products of the cell for transport within and out of the cell Looks like a stack of pancakes!Looks like a stack of pancakes! FOUND IN: ALL CELLSALL CELLSFACTORY: Postal OfficePostal Office Mail RoomMail Room

GOLGI APPARATUS 30

31 Golgi Animation Materials are transported from Rough ER to Golgi to the cell membrane by VESICLES copyright cmassengale

Lysosomes FUNCTION:FUNCTION: Digest and get rid of worn out cell parts and invadersDigest and get rid of worn out cell parts and invaders Do this with ENZYMES!Do this with ENZYMES! FOUND IN:FOUND IN: Mostly ANIMALS (some plants)Mostly ANIMALS (some plants) FACTORY:FACTORY: JanitorsJanitors Wrecking ballWrecking ball

33 Centrioles FUNTION: Help move chromosomes (DNA) during cell division FOUND IN: ANIMALS ONLY! FACTORY: Like CRANES used to moves stuff around the factory

34 Centrioles & the Mitotic Spindle Made of MICROTUBULES (Tubulin) copyright cmassengale

CENTRIOLES 35

Cilia & Flagella FUNCTION: Moving cells, in moving fluids, or in small particles across the cell surface FOUND IN: all cells FACTORY: The maintenance trucks that drive the workers around the factory

Cell Movement with Cilia & Flagella

Plant Cells vs. Animal Cells  Cell Wall  Chloroplasts  1 Large Vacuole  No Centrioles  Lysosomes are rare  Centrioles  Lysosomes are common  Several Small Vacuoles  No Cell Wall  No Chloroplasts