Biotechnology manipulates living things to develop useful products or ways to solve problems. Aspects of biotechnology include: - Agriculture - Medicine - Energy - Industry/manufacturing - Environment - Careers 1. What are the “ethical” issues? 2. How do each affect the economy? 3. What are the benefits to North Carolina “Science World: Gross Medicine” Maggot Medicine 3:33https:// Hospital Uses Leeches to Heal Patients 1:48https:// “Heal, Feed, Sustain: How Biotechnology can Save the World” 23: mouse & ear 2:33 woman grows ear on arm 1:50 man receives face transplant ************************************************************************************************ organs grown

Three Basic Kinds of Biotechnology Tools 1.Working with Cells: -stem cells -cloning 2.Working with Proteins -protein coat on cells 3.Working with Genes -genetic engineering or genetic modification Put in order from “most controversial” to “least controversial” with 1 being the most controversial and 3 being the least controversial.

Crossbreeding: two different kinds of organisms are bred together Examples: Tiger + Lion

Liger (infertile)

Donkey + Horse A donkey and a horse will produce offspring called a ___________.

Mule… not “honkey” (infertile) What are the advantages and disadvantages of cross breeding?

Selective Breeding : the intentional combining of organisms to produce offspring with specific traits Examples: cows that have been observed producing large volumes of milk; race horses bred for speed, distance dogs bred for particular traits (color, size, temperament, hypoallergenic) TomTato plant 1:07

Labra doodle (hypo allergic)

Selective Breeding in Dogs The Australian Dinghound Originated in New Zealand, these dogs were used to herd sheep. They were brought to Australia in 1857 by Sir Sidney Melbourne. The Australians, not needing another breed of shepherd dog, bred the dogs with wild Dingoes. The result was a new breed of large shaggy black dogs with unusual spotted markings. The Australians used the new breed to guard houses. Dinghounds proved valuable as watchdogs because of their ability to sense danger as well as insincerity. What advantages are there to selective breeding? killer bees 3:36

Selective Breeding: Wolf Ancestors What are the advantages and disadvantages of selective breeding?

Genetic Modification: changes the genetic material of a living organism The Eyes of Nye: GMOs 7:57 4:41 “The Invisible Revolution” biotechnology Medicines Treatment of Diseases Vegetables Fruits Ethical Issues

What are some of the advantages of GM foods/crops that are:  Pest resistant  Herbicide tolerant  Disease resistant  Cold tolerant  Drought tolerant  Tolerant to increased water salinity  More Nutritious Put these examples in your notebook. WXII News NC Farmers Prepare for Jack Frost

Continued: Advantages of GM Products Pharmaceuticals: edible vaccines in tomatoes and potatoes; much easier to ship, store and administer than traditional injectable vaccines. What is another advantage of this? Phytoremediation: Plants such as poplar trees have been genetically engineered to clean up heavy metal pollution. How is this different from “bioremediation”?

What do you think? Pros & Cons of GM Products

GM Foods In U.S. -Corn - Strawberries -Soy bean - Zucchini -Sugar cane - Pineapples -Tomatoes - Cocoa Beans -Potato - Yellow Squash -Sweet Potatoes - Bananas Genetically modified cows can produce lactose free milk.

Cloning: a technique that uses a copy of an organism or cell to produce another organism or cell The Eyes of Nye: Cloning 24:45 Three types of cloning technologies are: (This information will not be on your test. ) (1)recombinant DNA technology or DNA cloning (2) reproductive cloning mouse & ear woman grows ear on arm (3) therapeutic cloning (embryo cloning) What are the ethical Issues?

(1) recombinant DNA technology or DNA cloning (This information will not be on your test. ) transfer of a DNA fragment of interest from one organism to a self-replicating genetic element such as a bacterial plasmid DNA of interest can then be reproduced in a foreign host cell What are the ethical Issues?

(2) reproductive cloning (This information will not be on your test. ) Dolly, the first mammal to be cloned from adult DNA, died at age 6. Dolly or any other animal created using nuclear transfer technology is not truly an identical clone of the donor animal. Dolly was only one success out of 276 tries.

- used to generate an animal that has the same nuclear DNA as another currently or previously existing animal. - The reconstructed egg containing the DNA from a donor cell must be treated with chemicals or electric current in order to stimulate cell division. -Once the cloned embryo reaches a suitable stage, it is transferred to the uterus of a female host where it continues to develop until birth. What are the ethical Issues? (This information will not be on your test. )

(3) therapeutic cloning (embryo cloning) - goal is not to create cloned human beings, but rather to harvest stem cells that can be used to study human development and to treat disease. - Stem cells are important to biomedical researchers because they can be used to generate virtually any type of specialized cell in the human body. - Many researchers hope that one day stem cells can be used to serve as replacement cells to treat heart disease, Alzheimer's, cancer, and other diseases. What are the ethical Issues? (This information will not be on your test. )

Bioremediation: the completely safe and natural process of cleaning up organic contaminants through the use of microbes (i.e. bacteria). Sewage spills Gasoline contamination Toxic waste spills Oil spills Biotechnology Applications to the Environment

Bioremediation

Bioremediation Before and After

Biotechnology & Energy Biomass fuels: - eliminates harmful emissions -renewable source of energy -reduces our dependency on fossil fuels and other countries that supply them -fewer contaminants enter waterways

* Duke Energy & Duke University: methane project * Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine * Novozymes * Research Triangle Park (Raleigh, Durham and Chapel Hill)

Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine