Please do not talk at this timeMay 2 HW: Asia Maps due Mon. Finish adding notes from the book, Chapter 18.1 to your chart, due Tuesday. Last day to turn in make up work and resubmissions for the China unit on is May 23. This includes all writing. Make up tests for the Mao Essay will be May 23 as well, during lunch and 7 th ONLY.

Please get a South Asia Today Note Chart Pg. 63A We are going to do some background notes and then talk about Kashmir, India, and Pakistan today. As we go through the lecture, record information in the right category: Social, Political or Economic. Indian Independence and After

Gandhi Unites India To win against the British, the Indian people must be United. Gandhi becomes the focus for the unification movement through his non violence movement and civil disobedience. Indians participate in protests and boycotts to make life increasingly difficult for the British The British simply do not have enough power to force Millions of Indians to do what they want.

These events, marches, demonstrations and so on, United the people of India (Hindu, Muslim and Sikh) against the British and hurt the British economy. They also turned international opinion against the British. By the end of WWII, England doesn't have the money to maintain their control of India, and Finally, Indians are granted their Independence.

1.What do you Notice about the location of religious groups in India? 2.Who is the Majority? 3.Why might that be a source of conflict for the people of India?

Britain gives independence to India. The Hindus and Muslims cannot agree on a unified government, so they split the country on ethnic and religious lines.

Mass immigration of both Muslims and Hindus—10 million emigrated between the “3” countries Riots and violence: 1 million died trying to leave communities Princes of smaller states on the border choose to either join Pakistan or India

A Tale of Two Countries India Jawaharlal Nehru Hindu majority Socialist and secular democracy Pakistan Muhammad Ali Jinnah Muslim majority Military rule moving toward democracy

Kashmir Conflict: What happened to the Kashmir region after independence? Rulers are Hindu but most people are Muslim Government wanted complete independence Pakistan invades Kashmir India sends troops into Kashmir and war breaks out U.N. negotiates cease-fire and divides Kashmir

Kashmir Today Fighting persists in Kashmir today China also made claims to Kashmir since 1962 after war with India

India Vs. Pakistan Both claim Kashmir, its lands, its wealth, its people and its water resources. 4. Why would the two new countries fight so hard over Kashmir?

Kashmir Crisis UN negotiated cease fire has only helped so much....small skirmishes and fights break out constantly

India Today Population: 1.2 billion Religion: 80% Hindu, 13.5% Muslim, 2.4% Christian, and 2% Sikh, 2% Buddhist, and others Official Languages: Hindi and English

Standard of Living Toilets Refrigerators

Economic Conditions Less than 5% have income over $30,000 10% Indian household incomes are just over $ % live in the cities

Government Socialist Democracy Two-house legislature Elected President (first woman) and appointed prime minister (first Sikh)

Education 66% Literate. Only 15% attend high school Unequal distribution of resources: some very poor and some very wealthy schools Less than 500 Universities (The US has: 5,700)

Caste System Officially: Caste system is illegal Reality: Caste system still exists and more prevalent in rural areas. There strict control is maintained over the different groups which are not allowed to mix. Lowest caste called Dalit (“depressed”)

Jawarlal Nehru  Ally of Gandhi.  1 st Prime Minister of India,  Goal: Industrialization  Promoted “Green Revolution” (more efficient agriculture)  Mixed Economy (Socialist: govt. controls energy, transportation)  Nonaligned Movement (sometimes an ally of US, sometimes an ally of USSR)

 The “mix” refers to private and public ownership. (socialism)  India depends on foreign aid and foreign investment from both US and USSR. (non-aligned nation)  Urban areas have high-tech companies.  75% are farmers living in small villages.  "Green Revolution“: farmers triple their crop by using modern science and crop by using modern science and technology. technology. India’s “mixed economy”

Please do not talk at this timeMay 5 Please get a new piece of paper and your SPE chart for South Asia HW:Finish adding notes from 18.1 to your Chart Last day to turn in make up work and resubmissions for the China unit on is May 23. This includes all writing. Make up tests for the Mao Essay will be May 23 as well, during lunch and 7 th ONLY.

India’s “Green Revolution”  Introduced higher- yielding varieties of seeds in  Increased use of fertilizers & irrigation.  GOAL  make India self- sufficient in food grains.

 Nehru’s daughter.  Prime Minister of India,  Continued Nehru’s policies.  Faced corruption charges & internal rebellion.  Assassinated in Indira Gandhi

India’s persecultion of the Sikhs

Mrs. Gandhi assassinated! Mrs. Gandhi lying in state.

 Indira’s son.  Prime Minister of India,  Some reform of economy and government.  Also faced rebellion.  Assassinated in 1991 while campaigning. Rajiv Gandhi

Nationalism and Assassination Mahatma Gandhi by Hindu Nationalist Indira Gandhi by her Sikh bodyguards Rajiv Gandhi by Tamil suicide bomber

 May 2004–first Sikh to be prime minister.  Emigrated from Pakistan during the “partition”.  Goals: improved health care, aide to rural areas,  Strong ally of US Manmohan Singh

May 2004 India Swears in 13th Prime Minister and the first Sikh in the job. India Swears in 13th Prime Minister and the first Sikh in the job.

 Overpopulation  1 billion & climbing.  Economic development.  Hindu-Muslim tensions.  The Kashmir dispute and nuclear weapons.  Political assassinations. Major problems & Issues in India today

Please find Pakistan on your South Asia Today Note Chart Pg. 63A We are doing Pakistan today. As we go through the lecture, record information in the right category: Social, Political or Economic. Indian Independence and After

Pakistan: The name was coined by Muslim nationalist Choudhary Rahmat Ali. He devised the word as an an acronym formed from the names of the "homelands" of Muslims in South Asia: P for Punjab, A for the Afghania areas of the region, K for Kashmir, S for Sindh and tan for Balochistan, thus forming 'Pakstan.' An i was later added to the English rendition of the name to ease pronunciation, producing Pakistan.) The word also captured in the Persian language the concepts of "pak", meaning "pure", and "stan", meaning "land" or "home", thus giving it the meaning "Land of the Pure". All Arabic-speaking countries refer to Pakistan as Bakistaan (باکستان), as the Arabic language lacks the phoneme [p].

 1 st Prime Minister: Muhammad Ali Jinnah  Combination:  Strong Islamic fundamentalism.  High poverty rate  Pakistan divides in 1971  W. Pakistan = Pakistan  E. Pakistan = Bangladesh PakistanPakistan

 First Woman Prime Minister, 1988:  Ousted in 1993, and again in 1996 on corruption charges.  Assassinated in December, 2008  Succeded by Nawaz Sharif:  Ousted three times.  Struggle between modernizers and fundamentalists.  Ousted during a coup in 1999 Benazir Bhutto

 Coup d’etat in  Secular government against Islamic fundamentalists.  Commander in Chief and President  U.S. ally in the “War on Terror.” Gen. Pervex Musharaff

Asif Ali Zardari Current President of Pakistan Widower of Benazir Bhutto Leader of the PPP (Pakistan People’s Party) Currently facing corruption charges Pres. Hamad Karzai, Sec’y State Clinton Pres. Zardari

New President: Mamnoon Hussain “Mr. Mamnoon Hussain is known as a man of impeccable integrity and courage against all odds.” – Pakistan Government

 Economic development.  Political instability/military dictatorship.  Hindu-Muslim tensions.  Terrorism.  The Kashmir dispute and nuclear weapons. Major problems & Issues in Pakistan today

India Vs. Pakistan Both claim Kashmir, its lands, its wealth, its people and its water resources. Why would the two new countries fight so hard over Kashmir?

1971 India-Pakistan War

Indo-Pakistani relations deteriorated again, civil war erupted in Pakistan, pitting the West Pakistan army against East Pakistanis who demanded autonomy and later independence. The fighting forced an estimated 10 million East Pakistani civilians to flee to India. East Pakistan became the independent country of Bangladesh in December 1971.

The Conflict At the height of the conflict, thousands of shells were fired daily, and India launched hundreds of airstrikes. The Red Cross reported that at least 30,000 people had been forced to flee their homes on the Pakistani side of the Line of Control.

A New Nuclear Arms Race: The arms race between the rivals escalated dramatically in the 1990s. In May 1998, India conducted underground nuclear tests near the border with Pakistan. In response, Pakistan conducted six tests in a nearby province.

2012 Military Statistics How does having many weapons and a large army make war more likely?

What can the US and other nations do? Both sides were heavily criticized by the international community for the tests as fears of a nuclear confrontation grew. The United States ordered sanctions against both countries, freezing more than $20bn of aid

1999 Pakistan and India signed the Lahore Accord, pledging again to "intensify their efforts to resolve all issues, including the issue of Kashmir".

Border problems- Pakistan’s Taliban Neighbors

Increasingly... India and Pakistan are working to fight Terrorism  Pakistan is home to a number of rebel groups that support terrorists in Afghanistan  India is very influential in Asia But... Both countries still struggle to maintain their own stability  How does this help the Terrorists?

Conflicts like this… Both Pakistan and India divert lots of money to military programs. Other social programs like education and infrastructure (roads, electricity, water, plumbing and so on.) have not received needed attention.

India – Pakistan Border 9y2qtaopbEhttp:// 9y2qtaopbE

Read the section and add to your notes. Look for statistics and specifics in particular. Do not write information you already have! Book notes due Tuesday. For Homework….Please turn to pg. 563 (18.1) in your book

Please do not talk at this timeMay 6 Please get a Modern India DBQ packet and India DBQ Answer Sheet, Pg 65A. Find a new partner or work on your own! HW:Finish Modern India DBQ by Friday Last day to turn in make up work and resubmissions for the China unit on is May 23. This includes all writing. Make up tests for the Mao Essay will be May 23 as well, during lunch and 7 th ONLY.

Pg. 64AOutsourcing Point of View- As you watch, record information on the two points of view of Outsourcing presented in the video. Outsourcing: Indian ViewAmerican View Now go back and put a star next to those perceptions that are positive and a circle next to those perceptions that are negative. Which one do you have more of?

Outsourcing to India Q1O9NlnugE

Use these videos as well Attacks in Mumbai and relationship to Kashmir crisis mETY-gJfUhttp:// mETY-gJfU Kashmir conflict JFzvUOFYj4http:// JFzvUOFYj4

Mr Guha argues that democracy and nationhood in India face several challenges. Four of these are: Religious fundamentalism (an intense loyalty to a particular way of practicing religion, strong resistance to change) was once all over India, but is only fading very slowly. Government suffers from corruption. The police and bureaucracy are not independent but work for particular political parties. Scarcity of resources is leading to conflict and inequality. The poor suffer most from lack of resources, infrastructure (like schools, roads, plumbing and electricity) and water pollution. The gap between rich and poor is increasing. One example: India's richest man, Mukesh Ambani, is worth more than $20bn, and his new home is a 27-storey high, 400,000 sq ft building in Mumbai, where 60% of the population live in grimy slums

Deep Question: To what extent is Mr. Guha’s assessment accurate? Please choose one of the above bullet points and provide evidence to support or contradict Mr. Guha’s claim and say why he is or is not accurate in his assessment.

We will continue to work on this DBQ on Wed.

Quiz on India Questions about India will be included on a Quiz that also covers South Africa.

Pg. 63A South Asia Today SPE Chart Title: Outsourcing- Pg 64A India DBQ- Pg 65A