Egypt Gains complete independence from Britain in 1952 Nationalized industries and gained complete control of Suez Canal Issues of religion & regionalism: 1. Should Egypt be part of a Pan-Arab movement? 2. Should Egypt modernize using the West as an example? 3. What role should religion have in nationalism? Receives military & financial aid from the USSR during the Cold War; USSR funds building of Aswan High Dam on the Nile River China Communists under Mao Zedong gain control in 1949 US refuses to recognize the communist government (Peoples Republic of China) as legitimate While an ally of the USSR at first, China begins to view the Russians as a threat during the 1960s (border disputes, etc.) Efforts to normalize relations between China & the US begin in 1972 China did not wish to affiliate itself with either side during the last 25 years of the Cold War Israel After WWII, UN creates dual Palestinian territories, one Jewish & the other Muslim 1948 Israel declares itself a state, Arab states attack and Israel wins taking most of Palestine; Palestinian Arabs loose their homeland Many surrounding Arab states refuse to recognize Israel Closest US ally in the Middle East during the Cold War India Indian National Congress & Muslim League struggle to define India due to religious differences Jinnah (ML) & Nehru/Gandhi (INC)—leaders came from a well-educated middle class Solution is to create an independent Pakistan for Muslims; India & Pakistan hostile to one another Indian policies favor the USSR during the Cold War What was “decolonization”? The process by which the colonies and protectorates of European nations achieved independence in the decades after WWII. US & USSR helped former colonies in order to gain Cold War allies.

Egypt Gains complete independence from ___________ in 1952 Nationalized industries and gained complete control of _________________ Issues of religion & regionalism: 1. Should Egypt be part of a _________ movement? 2. Should Egypt __________ using the West as an example? 3. What role should religion have in nationalism? Receives military & financial aid from the USSR during the Cold War; USSR funds building of _________________ on the Nile River China Communists under ____________ gain control in 1949 _______ refuses to recognize the communist government (Peoples Republic of China) as legitimate While an ally of the _____ at first, China begins to view the Russians as a threat during the 1960s (border disputes, etc.) Efforts to _____________ relations between China & the US begin in 1972 China did not wish to affiliate itself with either side during the last 25 years of the _______________ Israel After WWII, UN creates dual Palestinian territories, one ____________ & the other ______________ 1948 Israel declares itself a state, Arab states attack and Israel wins taking most of Palestine; ________________ loose their homeland Many surrounding ____ states refuse to recognize Israel Closest US ally in the Middle East during the Cold War India Indian National Congress & Muslim League struggle to define India due to religious differences ______________ & ____________________—leaders came from a well-educated middle class Solution is to create an independent Pakistan for Muslims; India & Pakistan hostile to one another Indian policies favor the _________ during the Cold War What was “decolonization”? The process by which the _____________________ of European nations achieved independence in the decades after WWII. US & ________ helped former colonies in order to gain Cold War allies.

What was “decolonization”? The process by which the colonies and protectorates of European nations achieved independence in the decades after WWII. US & USSR helped former colonies in order to gain Cold War allies.

Gains complete independence from Britain in 1952 Nationalized industries and gained complete control of Suez Canal Issues of religion & regionalism: 1. Should Egypt be part of a Pan-Arab movement? 2. Should Egypt modernize using the West’s example? 3. What role should religion have in nationalism? Receives military & financial aid from the USSR during the Cold War; USSR funds building of Aswan High Dam on the Nile River

After WWII, UN creates dual Palestinian territories, one Jewish & the other Muslim 1948 Israel declares itself a state, Arab states attack and Israel wins taking most of Palestine; Palestinian Arabs loose their homeland

Many surrounding Arab states refuse to recognize Israel Closest US ally in the Middle East during the Cold War

Indian National Congress & Muslim League struggle to define India due to religious differences after WWII Jinnah (ML) & Nehru/Gandhi (INC) Leaders came from a well-educated middle class Solution is to create an independent Pakistan for Muslims in 1947; India & Pakistan hostile to one another Indian policies favor the USSR during the Cold War

Communists under Mao Zedong gain control in 1949 US refuses to recognize the communist government (Peoples Republic of China) as legitimate While an ally of the USSR at first, China begins to view the Russians as a threat during the 1960s (border disputes, etc.)

Efforts to normalize relations between China & the US begin in 1972 US President Richard Nixon meets with Mao Zedong in 1972 China did not wish to affiliate itself closely with either side during the last 25 years of the Cold War