Chapter 11 Industry Key Issue 1: Where is Industry Distributed?

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Origin of Industry Industrial Revolution Series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods. Prior to (IR),household tools and agricultural equipment were created in people’s homes. Cottage Industry – home based manufacturing of goods and/or equipment.

Industrial Revolution -Wasn’t just industrial, resulted from new social, economic, and political inventions. -Was not instantaneous, more of a process (took decades). -The expansion of productivity resulted in a higher standard of living. -Steam Engine (James Watt, 1769) – most important development to the factory.

Industries Impacted by (IR) 1. Iron - the first industry to benefit from steam engine. 2. Coal - the source of energy to operate ovens and steam engines. Previously wood was used to run furnaces and forges. 3. Transportation, very important for the movement of resources. First canals, then railroads became the way to ship materials and finished goods.

Industries Impacted by (IR) 4. Textiles - transformed from scattered cottage industry to a concentrated factory system (18 th Century). Replaced “putter-outs” system. Large machines were built to untangle cotton, placed in factories and were known as mills. 5. Chemicals - industry created to bleach and dye cloth. 6. Food Processing - created to feed factory workers no longer living on farms.

Check for Understanding 1.Industrial Revolution was a series of improvements in industrial _________ that transformed the process of manufacturing goods. 2.Cottage Industry was ______ ______ manufacturing of goods and/or equipment.

Industrial Regions Industry is concentrated in three of nine world regions, Europe, North America, and East Asia. Each region accounts for approx. ¼ of the world’s total industrial output. Next leading industrial producers are Brazil, and India.

Europe’s Industrial Areas

United Kingdom: A.dominated world production of steel and textiles during 19 th Century. B.First country to enter (IR). C.But by 20 th Century those factories were outdated. D.Although no longer a leader in key industries, U.K. has managed to bring in high-tech Japanese industries. E.Contains more Japanese factories than any other European country.

Europe’s Industrial Areas Rhine-Ruhr Valley : A.Western Europe’s most important, centrally located industrial area. B.Industry is dispersed, not concentrated in one or two cities. C.Iron and steel manufacturing concentrated in this valley close to large coalfields. D.Its iron and steel reserves help the railroad, machinery, and armament industries. E.Rotterdam, world’s largest port is located in this region.

Check for Understanding 3. The Industrial Revolution was not _________, it was more of a process (took decades). 4. The __________(James Watt, 1769) was the most important development to the factory.

Europe’s Industrial Areas Po Basin : A.Southern Europe’s oldest, most important industrial area. B.Contains 2/3 of Italy’s manufacturing in 1/5 of its land area. C.Industrial development began with textile manufacturing during 19 th Century. D.Possesses two key assets: 1.Cheap hydroelectricity (from Alps) 2.Large labor supply

Europe’s Industrial Areas Northeastern Spain : A.Western Europe’s fastest-growing industrial area in late 20 th Century. B.Its textile industry and country’s largest motor-vehicle industry is located in Barcelona. C.Spain’s motor-vehicle industry is second only to Germany’s in Europe.

Europe’s Industrial Areas Moscow : A.Russia’s oldest industrial area. B.Specializes in fabrics and products that require skilled labor. St. Petersburg : A.Eastern Europe’s second oldest city. B.Specializes in shipbuilding and other industries serving Russia’s navy and ports.

Europe’s Industrial Areas Volga : Russia’s largest petroleum and natural gas fields. Urals : A.Contains more than 1,000 types of minerals. B.Most varied collection in the world. Kuznetsk : A.Russia’s most important manufacturing district east of Ural Mountains. B.Soviet planners utilized its coal and iron ore reserves.

Europe’s Industrial Areas Donetsk : A.Located in Eastern Ukraine, an area of coal, iron ore, manganese, and natural gas. B.Eastern Europe’s largest producer of iron and steel. Silesia : A.Eastern Europe’s leading industrial area outside of the former Soviet Union. B.Important steel production center.

Check for Understanding 5. Industry is concentrated in three of nine world regions,______,_______, and _______. 6. The expansion of productivity resulted in a higher ________ of living.

North America’s Industrial Areas

1.Entered (IR) later than Europe, but grew much faster. 2.First U.S. textile mill opened in Rhode Island. 3.Early manufacturing in North America first concentrated in Northeastern U.S. 4.Northeast has iron and coal. 5.Increase in transportation has made it easier to move goods to other regions of the country.

North America’s Industrial Areas New England : A.Oldest industrial area in northeastern U.S. B.Began with cotton textiles in early 19 th Century. Middle Atlantic : A.The largest U.S. market. B.Attracts industries that are centered around a large number of consumers <<<(Lupita). C.Depends on foreign trade through its large ports.

North America’s Industrial Areas Mohawk Valley : A.Linear industrial belt in upper New York State. B.Was the region’s most important industrial center, especially for steel & food processing. Pittsburgh-Lake Erie : A.Leading steel-producing area in 19 th Century. B.Steel manufacturing originally concentrated between Pittsburg and Cleveland due to Appalachian coal and iron ore.

North America’s Industrial Areas Western Great Lakes : A.Centered on Chicago, the hub of the nation’s transportation network, now center of steel production. B.Also home to motor-vehicle manufacturers and other industries. Southern California : A.The leading industrial area outside of the Northeast. B.During WWII, 1/3 of Los Angeles’ manufacturing was in the aircraft industry. C.Now the country’s largest clothing and textile producer.

North America’s Industrial Areas Southeastern Ontario : A.Canada’s most important industrial area. B.Most of Canada’s steel and motor-vehicle assembly is located here.

East Asia’s Industrial Areas

This region’s most abundant resource is people. Japan & China rank second and third in manufacturing value behind only the U.S. Japan : A.Became an industrial power during 1950s & 1960s. B.Became the world’s leading manufacturer of automobiles, ships, cameras, stereos, and televisions. C.Began training “highly skilled” workers. D.Once synonymous with “cheaply” made, now thought of as high quality.

East Asia’s Industrial Areas China : A. World’s largest supply of low-cost labor. B. World’s largest market for many consumer products. C. Largest manufacturer of textiles, steel, and many household products. D. Policies in 1990s opened its market and labor force to transnational corporations.

East Asia’s Industrial Areas E. China’s top three manufacturing areas are: 1.The east coast 2.The Yangtze River valley 3.Gulf of Bo Hai These three contain only ¼ of China’s population, but ½ of its wealth, ¾ of its foreign investments, and 5/6 of its foreign trade.