WWII – Implications at Home and Abroad US Popular Support for Neutrality --FDR’s focus on domestic agenda --Great Depression Good Neighbor Policy Neutrality Act (“cash-and-carry”)

International Instability and Aggression in 1930s Fascism spreads across Europe Japan signals imperialistic aims Invasion of Manchuria Rape of Nanking

Hitler’s March Across Europe 1939 – Austria, Czechoslovakia 1939 – Poland Westward blitzkrieg (lightening war) France surrenders 1940

U.S. amends neutrality and reaps huge economic benefit Amends Neutrality Act to include arms Churchill brokers deal for 50 destroyers Lend-Lease Act

U.S. edges closer to War Lend Lease puts U.S. in German cross-hares Atlantic charter Japan signals new phase of imperial design by entering in Tripartite Pact with Germany and Italy. Japan’s interest in Philippines puts U.S. in Japanese cross-hares

Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941 Wartime hyper vigilance/hysteria focused on Japanese

Japanese Internment E.O General DeWitt refers to Japanese American citizens as “enemy race” whose “racial strain was undiluted.” Relocation centers in SW and MW Movie, Rabbit in the Moon

War Mobilization’s Impact on Ethnicity and Race Select Service Double V Campaign E.O – Committee on Fair Employment Practices C.O.R.E. Anti-Semitism 152K manage to get asylum World Jewish Congress

Holocaust – 9 million people, mostly Jews, killed --In Germany they first came for the communists, and I didn’t speak up because I wasn’t Communist. Then they came for the Jews, and I didn’t speak up because I wasn’t a Jew. Then they came for the trade unionists, and I didn’t speak up because I wasn’t a trade unionist. Then they came for the Catholics, and I didn’t speak up because I was a protestant. Then they came for me – and by that time no one was left to speak up. –Pastor Martin Niemoller

Nazi Party’s Distinction’s based on religion, ideology, sexual orientation, and other distinctions Yellow Star (of David): Jews Black on Yellow: Jewish asocial, mental disorders & insane Red: German Political Prisoners Brown: Gypsies Black: Asocial Prisoners and Lesbians Red with Black Circle Below: Jehovah Witnesses Pink: Homosexuals

Mobilization’s Impact on Gender Single Women of all races and ethnicities working in industrial industries Married women grew Victory gardens, recycled goods for war materials Advertisers marketed to women in the hopes that they’d buy War bonds

May 29th,1943 edition of The Saturday Evening Post. Norman Rockwell

Many Different Rosies Dora Miles and Dorothy Johnson at Douglas Aircraft Co. plant in Long Beach, CA. A ‘Wendy-the- Welder’ in 1940s’ shipbuilding at Richmond, CA. J. Howard Miller's 'We Can Do It!' poster was commissioned by Westinghouse and shown briefly in February 1942.

Fighting in the Pacific The Philippines Battle of Midway North African/Mediterranean front New technology helps Allied forces

The Road to Normandy, D-Day Secret meeting in Tehran, Iran Overlord Diversions Actual location of amphibious attack on the beach of Normandy – 300 miles away from suspected location

Yalta Conference Churchill, Stalin, FDR Self-determination, UN

German Surrender Soviets rush Berlin (April ‘45) Hitler commits suicide April 30, ‘45 FDR dies April 12, ‘45 German surrender May 7, ‘45

U.S. secures/dominates Pacific but still bombs Nagasaki and Hiroshima, Japan Los Alamos, New Mexico testing Truman, Potsdam Conference Why? Military Rationale (Save 250,000 lives and end war quickly) Why? Maintain post-war dominance and begin the age of atomic diplomacy