Types of Power

Performance Objectives: Performance Objectives: 1. List the types of power generated from renewable resources. 2. List the types of power generated from non-renewable resources 3. Describe each of the methods and how commonly they are used.

Enabling Objectives: Identify the sources of power. Identify the sources of power. Discuss their importance Discuss their importance Explain how extensively each is or could be used. Explain how extensively each is or could be used. Explain the process of converting energy to a usable form by the general public. Explain the process of converting energy to a usable form by the general public. List the types of electricity that are available to us. List the types of electricity that are available to us. List alternatives to conventional power generation methods for the future. List alternatives to conventional power generation methods for the future.

Have you ever wondered: “Is electricity just floating around in the air?” “How is it captured for our use?” “I see the power lines that come into my house, but where does the electricity that’s on them come from?”

Sources Our power is generated for us compliments of our natural resources Our power is generated for us compliments of our natural resources Renewable and Non-renewable Renewable and Non-renewable

Renewable Resources Solar Energy Solar Energy Tidal Energy Tidal Energy Geothermal Energy Geothermal Energy Solid Wastes Energy Solid Wastes Energy Water Energy Water Energy And Possibly Fast Growing Woods And Possibly Fast Growing Woods

Non-renewable Resources Fossil fuels Fossil fuels Coal Coal Oil Oil Natural Gas Natural Gas Non-sustainable Woods Non-sustainable Woods Nuclear (uranium) Nuclear (uranium)

How are these resources converted to usable means? Some type of mechanical generator! Some type of mechanical generator!

Water Power Hydroelectric Generation- Accounts for approximately 11% of the U.S power supply

Steam Power Fossil fuels Fossil fuels Nuclear Fission Nuclear Fission Geothermal Geothermal Solid Waste Solid Waste Wood Wood There are several sources of steam power:

Fossil Fuels Coal, Oil, & Natural Gas

Coal Accounts for about 51% of steam power generated electricity Decreasing in quality Increasing in pollutants

Oil Accounts for 2% of electricity generated. Once preferred over coal for ease of handling and for how clean it burned In lesser supply now so is a less desirable source

Natural Gas Accounts for about 15% of electricity generated Quickly becoming the fuel of choice.

Reasons that natural gas is preferred Use of existing technology Use of existing technology Low capital cost Low capital cost Short license procedures Short license procedures Ability to add small amounts of distributed generation for growth needs without building huge expensive plants Ability to add small amounts of distributed generation for growth needs without building huge expensive plants Efficiency and cost effectiveness Efficiency and cost effectiveness Lower environmental impacts Lower environmental impacts

Nuclear Fission Splitting uranium atoms produces a great deal of heat energy that is processed into electrical energy in nuclear plants. Non-renewable Source

Nuclear Generator

Geothermal Utilizes the Earth’s inner heated rocks to heat water that reaches these areas through seismic faults. This water is turned to steam them captured to operate steam-powered generators. Renewable Resource

Geothermal Energy

Solid Waste Uses heat generated from burning solid municipal waste to heat water to operate steam powered generators. Renewable resource

Solid Waste Being Prepared For Incineration

Wood Scrap wood is used to power boilers in some mills, but this is a little used practices, obviously for conservation purposes.

Other energy forms Wind- used near coastal areas and high ridges Wind- used near coastal areas and high ridges Thermal Conversion- mirrors reflect sunlight to heat water Thermal Conversion- mirrors reflect sunlight to heat water Photovoltaic Conversion- Solar power converted directly into electricity Photovoltaic Conversion- Solar power converted directly into electricity Tidal – Waves used to turn turbines for generation Tidal – Waves used to turn turbines for generation Fuel cells- Products of the space age; use fossil fuels without combustion Fuel cells- Products of the space age; use fossil fuels without combustion

Other energy forms Cont. Fusion- Adding an extra oxygen atom to H2O creates heat for steam Fusion- Adding an extra oxygen atom to H2O creates heat for steam Biogas- captured methane from landfills Biogas- captured methane from landfills Chemical- batteries (primary cells and storage cells)- ex. Dry cell, nickel- cadmium, lead acid, and gel Chemical- batteries (primary cells and storage cells)- ex. Dry cell, nickel- cadmium, lead acid, and gel

Wind Power

How Can We Use This Energy That Is Produced? “Electric Energy Is Generated, Transformed, Transmitted, and Distributed to the Consumer.” (Rasdall, Smith,.2000, P 53.)

How energy travels to consumers.

Usable Energy Power is generated by one of the previously mentioned methods and stored. Power is generated by one of the previously mentioned methods and stored. It is transported as needed to a step up transformer substation. It is transported as needed to a step up transformer substation. It is then carried via transmission lines to a step down transformer substation. It is then carried via transmission lines to a step down transformer substation. Distribution lines carry it to consumers homes and businesses. Distribution lines carry it to consumers homes and businesses.

Types of Electrical Current Direct Current DC Direct Current DC Alternating Current AC Alternating Current AC

AC/DC Current Figure 1-B-29. (a) DC current always flows in one direction, unchanging, as through this automotive headlight bulb. (b) AC current flows in one direction for one-half cycle, then reverses direction for one-half cycle, completing a cycle. This action occurs 60 times per second. (60 HZ)

DC Current flows in one direction only. Used in flashlights, cameras, boats, automobiles

AC Current flows in one direction ½ of the cycle then reverses for the 2 nd ½ of the cycle. Used in most home appliances, t.v., radio, computers.

Forms of Electricity for Us Single Phase Single Phase Three Phase Three Phase

Single Phase Three Wire Service The Current Alternates Directions 60 Cycles Per Second Supplies 120 and 240 Volts

Single Phase Electricity

Three Phase Four Wire Service The Current Alternates Direction 180 Cycles Per Second. Functions at Higher Voltages

Three Phase Electricity

Summary Of Information Power Comes From Renewable and Non-renewable Resources.

Non Renewable Resources Fossil Fuels ( Coal, Oil, Natural Gas) Nuclear Fission

Renewable Resources Water Energy- (Tidal ) Steam Energy- (Geothermal) Solar Energy- Thermal Conversion or Photovoltaic Solid Waste WoodWind Fuel Cells FusionBiogas

How Is Energy Distributed? Energy Is Produced Through Power Plants. It Is Stored in Stepup Transformer Substations. It Is Carried From There Through Transmission Lines to Stepdown Transformer Substations. And Then From There Via Distribution Lines to Service Drops for Consumers.

Types of Current DC – direct current DC – direct current AC- alternating current AC- alternating current

Types of Power Single phase 60- cycles per minute Single phase 60- cycles per minute Three phase 180 cycles per minute Three phase 180 cycles per minute

Review- Self Evaluation 1. Name the types of resources from which our power is generated? 2. List two methods to power mechanical generators. 3. List materials that can be used to generate steam power. 4. List forms of energy that should be considered for further use in the future. 5. Discuss why there is a need for alternative energy forms. 6. Discuss how energy is transformed, transmitted and distributed.

Review- Self Evaluation Cont. 6. Discuss how energy is transformed, transmitted and distributed. 7. Name the two types of current and an example of use for each. 8. Name the two types of electric power and the cycle rating for each one.

Key 1. Non- renewable and renewable 2. Water (Hydroelectric) or Steam 3. Fossil Fuels, Geothermal, Nuclear fission, solid waste, wood 4. Wind, thermal conversion, photovoltaic, tidal, fuel cells, fusion, biogas 5. Extensive use of non-renewable resources for the production of electricity have left our supplies low. Alternative methods must be sought out to have left our supplies low. Alternative methods must be sought out to ensure that we will have sufficient supplies of electricity for future ensure that we will have sufficient supplies of electricity for future demands at a reasonable cost to the consumer. demands at a reasonable cost to the consumer. 6. Power is generated by one of the previously mentioned methods and stored. It is transported as needed to a step up transformer substation. stored. It is transported as needed to a step up transformer substation. It is then carried via transmission lines to a step down transformer It is then carried via transmission lines to a step down transformer substation. Distribution lines carry it to consumer’s homes and substation. Distribution lines carry it to consumer’s homes and businesses. businesses. 7. a. alternating current- rechargeable drill b. direct current- engine block b. direct current- engine block 8. a. single phase - 60 cycles per second b. three phase- 180 cycles per second b. three phase- 180 cycles per second

Works Cited Rasdall, Joyce O., Smith, George W. Understanding Electricity. Georgia; AAVIM, 2000., pp 23-25,