Chapter 5 5 Planning C H A P T E R

Outcomes Differentiate between strategic planning and master planning. Understand the strategic and master planning processes. Outline the business planning process. Comprehend the role of stakeholders in the planning process.

Purposes of Planning Drives efficient use of resources Requires agencies to determine values, vision, and mission and design services around them Prepares the agency to deal with change Creates accountability to the public

Strategic Plans Shape and guide an agency’s strategies, directions, decision making, and allocation of resources Cover approximately five years Can be done internally versus externally

Strategic Planning Process Seven phases in the process Involves internal and external stakeholders End result drives annual agency action plans

Phase 1: Develop and Clarify Values, Vision, and Mission Values are standards and beliefs that guide organizational behaviors and come from members, leaders, and society. Vision defines what the agency wants to be in the future. Mission is a clear, concise statement of purpose and reason for existence.

Phase 2: Assess Community Needs Accomplished through large-scale community surveys, community meetings, focus groups, and individual interviews Results in priorities for the community

Phase 3: Complete a Performance Analysis Review of programs, services, and facilities Results in a services portfolio Internal review and external comparison MacMillan matrix

MacMillan Matrix

Phase 4: Complete a SWOT Analysis

Threats Might Require PEST Analysis

Phase 5: Identify Strategic Issues and Implement Strategies Nuts and bolts of the strategic plan Information gathered establishes needs Needs drive development of action plan

Phase 6: Approve and Implement the Plan Approval is by the governing body A plan to implement and accomplish strategies is developed Action plan keeps staff focused on achieving the plan’s goals

Phase 7: Monitor, Review, and Update the Plan Regular review of the action plan ensures staff members are on track to complete their responsibilities in the time frame given Annual review of issues and strategies results in deciding to retain, revise, or remove an issue and strategy

Master Plans Address land, facilities, bike and pedestrian paths, and natural resources Can be a part of the strategic plan or can stand alone Are longer term than the strategic plan, covering 5 to 15 years Use similar process to that used for strategic planning

Master Planning Process

Master Planning Process: Resource Analysis Parks and facilities inventory Natural resources inventory Maintenance assessment Policy analysis

Master Planning Process: Capital Improvement Plan Cost analysis of the implementation of the plan’s strategies and issues if the improvements are considered capital expenditures Prioritizes capital projects in order of importance Lists funding suggestions such as grants

Business Plans A blueprint for successful operation of a new venture Used in all three sectors Can be used to attract investors or sell an idea to a governing body

Business Planning Process Business description: purpose and logistics of the business, including name, location, and contact information of the owners or managers Products and services description: detailed description of the products and services Competitive analysis: direct and indirect competition (continued)

Business Planning Process (continued) Marketing plan: outline of product, price, place, and promotions Operations and management plan: describes how the organization will operate and includes organizational structure, production and quality control, and location and facilities (continued)

Business Planning Process (continued) Development plan: projects what the business will look like 1, 5, or 10 years in the future Financial statements: include at least an income statement, a cash flow projection, and a balance sheet