The Jazz Age ( ) Unit 4 Chapter 7

Lecture I: A Clash of Values A.Return of Nativism 1.Sacco-Vanzetti Case (1921)  Highlighted Americans intolerance toward immigrants and people with different political ideas. 2.Return of the Ku Klux Klan  New KKK emerged after WWI  Targeted “un-American ideas”  Catholics, Jews, immigrants were new targe ts 3.Controlling Immigration  Emergency Quota Act (1921)-only 3% of the total number of foreign born people of a nationality already in the U.S. could be admitted in a single year  National Origins Act (1924)-only 2% allowed into the U.S. and limited to 150,000 immigrants per year  Discriminatory by allowing more immigrants from Northwestern Europe

B. Women in the 1920s 1. The New Morality  Clash between old values and new ideas about love, dating, marriage, family, and traditional gender roles  More college and career opportunities for women  Automobile gave young people more independence 2. Flappers  Young emancipated women who sought social freedom  Challenged traditional women’s behavior, clothing, gender roles, etc…

C. The Fundamentalist Movement 1. Christian Fundamentalists  Believed in the literal interpretation of the bible  Felt threatened by the modernity of the 1920s  Held tight to traditional religious and social beliefs 2. Scopes “Monkey” Trial  John Scopes put on trial for teaching evolutionary theory to his biology students  Represented the clash between new vs. old ideas and creation vs. evolution

D. Prohibition th Amendment  January 1920 it became illegal to manufacture, sell or drink alcohol in America  Volstead Act was passed to enforce the 18 th Amendment and gave the U.S. govt. police powers to regulate 2. Speakeasies and Bootlegging  Secret bars where people could purchase illegally made alcohol 3. Organized Crime  Gangsters specialized in running and supplying alcohol for the speakeasies  Alcohol was smuggled into the U.S. from Canada and the Caribbean

Lecture #2: Cultural Innovations A.Art and Literature 1. Greenich Village and the South Side  Bohemian neighborhoods in NYC and Chicago  Center of art, literature and intellectualism 2. Modern Art in the 1920s  Bold and colorful  Urban and rural landscapes  Cubism and realism  Popular themes included isolationism and disenchantment

Edward Hopper (Realism)

John Marin (Urban Landscapes)

Charles Scheeler (Cubism)

3.Literature in the 1920s  Writers focused on common themes  Disillusionment after WWI (Lost Generation)  Ernest Hemingway For Who the Bell Tolls and A Farewell to Arms  Superficial attitudes and materialism  F.Scott Fitzgerald The Great Gatsby and This Side of Paradise  Criticisms of small town traditional values  Sinclair Lewis Babbit and Main Street

B. Popular Culture  Americans had more $ and time to enjoy entertainment and sports 1. Sports  Baseball, boxing and golf were popular  Radio made athletes worldwide celebrities 2. Radio and Movies  Helped unify the nation with a common culture by spreading new ideas and attitudes  First talkie - The Jazz Singer (1927)  First talkie cartoon – Steamboat Willie (1928)

Lecture #3: African Americans in the 1920s A.The Harlem Renaissance  Outpouring of African American art and literature in the 1920s 1.Writers  Themes focused on African American’s pride as a people, slavery and discrimination, and the Jazz Age  Popular writers included Claude McKay, Langston Hughes, and Zora Neale Hurston 2.Jazz  Improvisational style of music influenced by Dixieland and ragtime music popular in New Orleans  Introduced by Louis Armstrong in Chicago Night Clubs  Famous Jazz musicians included Duke Ellington and Bessie Smith

B. African American Politics 1. Black Votes in the North  Great Migration increased political power of African- Americans in the North  Voted Republican and elected African Americans to federal offices 2. NAACP Fights Lynching  Lobbied government officials and filed court cases to get an anti-lynching legislation passed 3. Black Nationalism  Movement of African Americans who advocated separation and independence from white society  Marcus Garvey founded the United Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) to promote Black pride and unity  Back to Africa Movement-Garvey’s failed attempt at creating an African American settlement in Liberia, Africa