Core Biosecurity Training Lyndon Kelley, District Groundwater Agent

Disease Threats to Livestock Recent disease outbreaks raised concern n Pseudo rabies in swine n Bovine TB (tuberculosis) n Mad Cow Disease in Europe n Foot and Mouth Disease in Europe n September 11 th, Anthrax Scare n Bioterrorism n MSU Theft of Swine disease agent

Disease Threats to Livestock

Disease Threats to the Michigan Groundwater Stewardship Program Cost is High n A 100 cow dairy has over $130,000 invested in livestock. n 1,000 sow, feeder pig operation has over $250,000 invested in breeding stock. What would be the effect of a MGSP technician identified as the disease carrier for a livestock disease disaster in Michigan?

n Fungal diseases Spores moved by:  Wind  Animals  People & equipment  Plant material How does disease spread?  Bacteria  Saliva  Respiratory mucus  Manure  Bacterial Spore n Viral  Saliva  Respiratory mucus  Manure  Viral particles

Examples of disease  Bacteria  E. coli  Salmonella  Bovine Tuberculosis  Anthrax  Bacterial Wilt  Potato Ring Rot n Viral  Chicken pox  Flu  Foot and Mouth disease  Rabies  Cucumber Mosaic n Fungal diseases  Warts  Potato Late Blight  White mold of beans

Plants disease can be carried from farm to farm n Bacterial wilt n Late blight n Rust n Mildew n Insects & mites n Many others

Disease is of special concern in greenhouse, nursery, vegetable and seed production.

How does disease spread? n Vectors  Air movement  People  Equipment or vehicle  Wildlife  Livestock or pests

MDA Biosecurity Recommendations - ANIMAL Purpose: n Increase awareness of diseases and transmission potential. n Prevent introduction and transmission of disease on farms that we visit. n Recognize our responsibility as agriculture employees to practice good biosecurity.

Personal Protective Equipment and Biosecurity Precautions Vary depending on types of sites visited 1. NO contact site 2. MINIMAL contact site 3. CLOSE contact site

MGSP Work Related Examples No Contact Site n Educational meeting at a non-livestock site (restaurant, office or school). n Farm A Syst at a farmstead with no livestock. n Farm visit to a non-livestock operation (no livestock or manure present).

NO Contact Site n No animal or contaminant contact n Recommend off-site visit n Vehicle n Hand washing

MWSP Work Related Examples Minimal Contact n Farm A Syst on a livestock farm. n Educational event at farm or location where livestock are located. n Visit to public area where livestock are commonly found (sale barn, fairgrounds, horse arena).

MINIMAL Contact Site n Avoid in favor of a NO-contact site if possible. n “Clean” vs. “dirty” area of vehicle n Clean boots n Wash vehicle if gross contamination occurs.

MWSP Work Related Examples Close Contact n Inspection of groundwater concern as part of a Farm A Syst. n Close a well in close proximity to animals. n Manure sampling n Friendly visit to livestock farm and you are invited farm and you are invited to see the new animals. to see the new animals.

CLOSE Contact Site Avoid in favor of a NO-contact site if possible n Clean coveralls and outerwear n Cleaned and disinfected equipment n Segregate “dirty” from “clean” n Masks or respirators n Latex or non-latex disposable gloves n No jewelry, watches, etc. n Visit only one farm of that species per day. n Shower-in, shower-out?

Disposable coveralls create a disease barrier

Use the farms supplies and equipment when appropriate n In close contact situations consider using equipment, boots and coveralls provided by the farm.

CLEANING AND DISINFECTING: n All contaminated items

CLEANING: `Remove ALL dirt, debris, and organic material. `Scrub bottoms AND sides of boots. `High pressure washers. `Potable water

Disinfect tires… don’t transport disease to OR from the site!

Disinfecting: n After cleaning n Appropriate use of disinfectant n Allow disinfectant to dry on boots and equipment n Virkon ® S or bleach (9 parts water to 1 part bleach)

Clean and disinfect all tools!

Bag refuse Leave trash on-site, if possible. If you must take refuse from farm deposit in dumpster that is hauled daily directly to landfill.

MWSP Minimum Biosecurity Protocol n Use shoe covers when on farms or locations that have livestock or manure. n Wear coveralls when entering livestock facilities or close proximity areas. n Wash and inspect vehicle before traveling to another farm if the car has come in contact with animals or manure. n Wash hands between all visits.

Follow Farm Directives

Biosecurity procedure to follow: Contact the farm prior to visit to ask: n Does the farm have livestock? n Do we need to have a no-contact, minimal contact or close contact visit? n What are his biosecurity procedures? n Who’s equipment, coveralls and boots (supplies) should you use?

MGSP Biosecurity materials supplied n 10 pairs of polyethylene boot covers (dry locations) n 5 pairs of plastic boot covers (wet locations) n 3 pairs of disposable coveralls n 10 pairs of disposable gloves n 1 garbage bag for dirty items

Summary n Each group can choose recommendations depending on visit types. n Follow impeccable biosecurity. n Set an example.