France and Indians VS. England I Can analyze the causes and effects of the French and Indian War.

Cornell Notes Question What was the relationship like between Native Americans and the French and English colonists in the late 1600s?

FrenchEnglish Trappers Did not destroy land Many married Native women Many adopted Native customs Traded with Natives Farmers Cleared land for farms Looked down on Native ways Tried to convert Natives to Christianity

This is how North America was divided before the French and Indian War. Who owned the most land in America in 1753?

Cornell Notes Question What area was the source of conflict between Britain and France in the mid 1700s?

The Ohio River Valley In the mid 1700s, France and Britain began to fight over the Ohio Valley region and the Great Lakes. Both claimed the land. France decided to strengthen its claim by building new forts in the area. SO the English went to destroy their forts and build forts of their own. Both countries built forts there.

The Ohio River Valley

The Forts The French built a fort near the Ohio River. Fort Duquesne (du-kane) England asked the colonists for help and they sent a young military officer to destroy the French fort. George Washington

The Forts –Near Fort Duquesne Washington came upon a French scouting party. After a short battle the French surrendered. –Yet after the French surrendered, Washington’s Indian allies killed the French officer. –Realizing that the French would soon retaliate Washington built… … Fort Necessity

The Forts When the French discovered the tiny fort, they and their Indian allies attacked and forced Washington and his men to surrender. These events ignited a world-wide war between Great Britain and France. –In Europe the war is commonly known as the Seven Years’ War but in America, we call it the French and Indian War.

Cornell Notes Question What two things led to the French and Indian War? Conflict in the Ohio River Valley Attacking the forts

When war break out between the English and French, Native Americans wind up fighting on both sides based on their own interests. Which side do you think most Natives joined? WHY? Native Americans Choose Sides

FrenchEnglish Trappers Did not destroy land Many married Native women Many adopted Native customs Traded with Natives Farmers Cleared land for farms Looked down on Native ways Tried to convert Natives to Christianity

Cornell Notes Question Who was Benjamin Franklin?

Benjamin Franklin Originally from England Living in the Colonies He suggested that the colonies ban together help fight the French.

Cornell Notes Question What plan did Benjamin Franklin make to ready the colonist for war?

Albany Plan of Union 1754 – colonies sent representatives to Albany, NY to discuss how to defend against France. The plan was to unite the colonies to organize their defense. The Colonies rejected this plan; they did not want to give up their independence to work as a team. Franklin drew a cartoon to get his point across. But the colonists still fought with individual militas.

What do you think the letters mean? What was Franklin’s message in his cartoon?

WAR The French and Indian War lasted nine years. Throughout the war, both sides had victories and defeats. Both had advantages and disadvantages

ADVANTAGES/ DISADVANTAGES The French were run by a single government. The British had 13 separate colonial governments and the gov’t in Britain. The French had better relationships with and were aided more by Indians. The British, however, had a much greater population in America (20 to 1) French had more forts. French did not have as strong a navy as the British

So who will win?

A turning point Finally the British captured the New France capital of Quebec which was located at an important point, the St. Lawrence River This cut off the French supply line to the rest of New France. Later that same year, they captured New France’s largest city of Montreal. After losing all these things, France finally admitted defeat.

Quebec and Montreal

Treaty of Paris 1763 The War ended in 1763 with the signing of the Treaty of Paris. –France had lost the war and had to give up ALL of its claims in North America. –Britain got all French lands east of the Mississippi River. –Spain received French lands West of the Mississippi. Spain had actually supported France in the war, but Britain did not want to fight another war and agreed to give Spain the western lands. –Spain also agreed to give Florida to England

REMEMBER… This is how North America was divided before the French and Indian War.

This is North America after the French and Indian War. France lost all of its North American Territory. It only kept a tiny claim in the West Indies. Spain gained all French land West of the Mississippi.

Problems following the French and Indian War

The peace treaty ending the war gave so much French land to England that they doubled their land holdings in North America. Because they had so much more land they decided to tighten control. Until the war, England had paid very little attention to the colonies. The colonist, in turn, had become very independent and self-governing. When the King decides he needs to have more control in the colonies, they become upset.

1. Summary When England doubled land size, they tightened control. Colonists were independent and self governing and didn’t like it.

Because of the costly wars England had been in over the last few centuries they decided to tax the colonists to help pay off some of the debt. Colonists thought they had already paid a heavy price fighting the war and couldn’t afford to pay taxes to their colony and to the king as well.

2. Summary England began to tax the colonies to help pay for the wars, Colonists didn’t agree with the taxing nor could they afford taxes.

Indian rebellions showed the English the potential they faced of more Indian wars so the decided to draw up the Proclamation Line of This line was drawn west of the Appalachians and England decided no colonists could settle west of the line. Since they had been the ones to win the land they were very upset by the decision and settled there anyway. England sent 10,000 soldiers to the colonies to make sure no one crossed the line.

3. Summary Proclamation Line of 1763 upset the colonists wanting to move west of the Appalachians and England sent in troops.