PLEASE HAVE OUT A PEN or PENCIL and PERIODIC TABLE ©2014, Simplify Science Select LLC

3.2 Notes: Back to the Middle and Around Again Isotopes Nuclear Symbol Notation Nuclear Reaction Fission, Fusion and Alpha Decay ©2014, Simplify Science Select LLC

ISOTOPES Same element but different number of neutrons. ©2014, Simplify Science Select LLC Always 2 protons Different # of neutrons Different # of neutrons means different atomic masses 2 protons + 7 neutrons = atomic mass of 9

Learning Goals Students will be able to: 1)Relate the structure of the nucleus to the Periodic Table 2)Determine the number of protons and neutrons in an element. 3)Classify types of nuclear reactions ©2014, Simplify Science Select LLC

What we already know... The nucleus contains both protons and neutrons. Protons are positively charged Both protons and neutrons have a mass of 1 atomic mass unit ©2014, Simplify Science Select LLC

What we learned in the lab… The atomic number on the Periodic Table is the same as the number of Protons The atomic mass is the same as the protons + neutrons ©2014, Simplify Science Select LLC

Nucleus The nucleus contains 99.9% of all of the mass an atom has The nucleus contains ALL of the positive charge The nucleus determines the identity of the element ©2014, Simplify Science Select LLC

Average Atomic Mass The sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus The average atomic mass is a weighted average of all naturally occurring isotopes ©2014, Simplify Science Select LLC

Atomic Mass and Periodic Table The atomic mass GENERALLY increases as you move left to right Atomic mass increases as you move from top to bottom The atomic mass is always the number below the chemical symbol ©2014, Simplify Science Select LLC

Early Periodic Tables Used to organize elements by mass Found similar properties in vertical columns Gaps in the pattern began to develop ©2014, Simplify Science Select LLC

Gaps in Pattern The elements in the 4 th row do not follow the pattern of mass from left to right The mass of Ni is less then Co The pattern of mass does not ALWAYS work ©2014, Simplify Science Select LLC

Atomic Number The atomic number is defined as the number of protons an atom has in the nucleus The atomic number is IDENTICAL for all elements ©2014, Simplify Science Select LLC

Atomic Number and Periodic Table The atomic number (Z) increases as move from left to right Increases as you move down the periodic table The atomic number is always the number above the chemical symbol ©2014, Simplify Science Select LLC

Consistent Pattern For every row the atomic number always increases from left to right The pattern is consistent Elements are organized by atomic number NOT atomic mass ©2014, Simplify Science Select LLC

Nuclear Symbol Notation 1)Identify the number of protons to determine the element. 2)Write the chemical symbol for the element 3)Write the atomic number on the bottom left corner of the chemical symbol 4)Write the mass number on the top left corner of the atomic symbol ©2014, Simplify Science Select LLC

Fundamental A-1 Match the terms below: Depends on # of electrons Atomic Mass Depends on # of neutrons Atomic Number Depends on # of protons ©2014, Simplify Science Select LLC

Developing A-2 Using a periodic table, determine the number of protons and neutrons in iodine ©2014, Simplify Science Select LLC Atomic #= 53 protons Neutrons = Atomic Mass - protons Use the whole number part of the decimal under the symbol to get the atomic mass 127 – 53 = 74 neutrons

Proficient A-3 Identify chemical symbol, row and column of an unknown element based on the nuclear symbol notation below: ©2014, Simplify Science Select LLC Atomic # Atomic # = 42 Molybdenum 5 th row Transition Metals Columns 3-12 Mo

Changing the Nucleus The nucleus CAN change Requires enormous amounts of energy Results in “nuclear” reactions Much less likely then chemical reactions ©2014, Simplify Science Select LLC

Fusion The combination of two or more nuclei (Hydrogen) to form a larger nucleus MORE energetic then fission Releases so much energy that it is only used in nuclear bombs. ©2014, Simplify Science Select LLC

Fission The splitting of a large nucleus (Uranium) to form two or more smaller nuclei LESS energetic then fusion Energy can be used in bombs, nuclear reactors, and radiation ©2014, Simplify Science Select LLC

Alpha Decay Specific type of fission reaction Emits alpha particles which are helium nuclei Used in smoke detectors to detect fire ©2014, Simplify Science Select LLC

Fundamental B-1 Write the nuclear symbol notation and use for alpha particles ©2014, Simplify Science Select LLC Alpha particles are always Helium isotopes He 2 4 Atomic mass Atomic number They are the product of alpha decay

Developing B-2 What advantages would switching to fusion nuclear reactors have IF it were possible? ©2014, Simplify Science Select LLC Cheap clean electricity with little to no pollution

Proficient B-3 Describe the nuclear reaction described below: ©2014, Simplify Science Select LLC Fusion Reaction

Summarize it: ONE PAGE SUMMARY. You may use your notes: Describe the subatomic particles involved in nuclear reactions. Describe the various types of nuclear reactions and how we use them in real life. What are some environmental problems with using nuclear energy right now? Use at least 5 of the words in the WORD BANK. ©2014, Simplify Science Select LLC