Physical Science Unit 2: Atomic Structure Day One Atomic Structure

UNIT 2 ATOMIC STRUCTURE

We’re going to do some definitions to start off the unit here We’re going to do some definitions to start off the unit here. Separate your page into six blocks as above. Remind students to include lines. Solids do vibrate IN PLACE!

ATOM Smallest unit of matter that retains properties of an element. Remind students to include lines. Solids do vibrate IN PLACE!

PROTON Positive-charged particle in the nucleus of the atom, with a relative mass of 1 amu. The number of protons is unique for each element. Remind students to include lines. Solids do vibrate IN PLACE!

NEUTRON Neutral (no charge) particle in the nucleus of the atom, with a relative mass of 1 amu. Isotopes of elements differ in mass by having different numbers of neutrons. Remind students to include lines. Solids do vibrate IN PLACE!

ELECTRON Negative-charged particle that surrounds the nucleus of the atom, with a relative mass of 1/1837 amu. Ions (charged atoms) of elements form by gaining or losing electrons. Remind students to include lines. Solids do vibrate IN PLACE!

ISOTOPE Atom that has a different number of neutrons and thus, a different mass number. The number of protons remains the same, so the element’s identity does not change. Remind students to include lines. Solids do vibrate IN PLACE!

ION Atom that has gained or lost electrons. The number of protons remains the same, so the atom now has a charge. LOSE electrons  POSITIVE charge GAIN electrons  NEGATIVE charge Remind students to include lines. Solids do vibrate IN PLACE!

Directions Now, divide a page into five sections as shown

Mass number – Atomic number PARTICLE Charge Mass Location # = PROTON POSITIVE + 1 amu Nucleus Atomic number NEUTRON NEUTRAL Mass number – Atomic number ELECTRON NEGATIVE - 1/1837 amu ~ 0 amu Surrounding nucleus Remind students to include lines. Solids do vibrate IN PLACE!

Atomic Number Unique number for each element. Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. Remind students to include lines. Solids do vibrate IN PLACE!

Mass Number Total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. (Always a whole number) Remind students to include lines. Solids do vibrate IN PLACE!

Atomic Mass Average of the masses of all the element’s isotopes. Written as a decimal on the periodic table. Remind students to include lines. Solids do vibrate IN PLACE!

C 12.01 6 Carbon Atomic Number Chemical Symbol Element Atomic Mass Remind students to include lines. Solids do vibrate IN PLACE! 12.01 Atomic Mass

GPB: Chemistry 302: The Structure of the Atom http://www.gpb.org/chemistry-physics/chemistry/302 Take notes on the note sheet, then keep it in your binder.

Physical Science Unit 2: Atomic Structure Day Two Atomic Structure

What can you see in this model? What would help if you could see it, but not complete the picture?

CARBON ATOM Electron cloud Electron nucleus Proton Neutron Remind students to include lines. Solids do vibrate IN PLACE! Neutron

X Nuclear Notation Hyphen Notation Carbon-13 A Z Mass Number Chemical Symbol Atomic Number Hyphen Notation Carbon-13 Remind students to include lines. Solids do vibrate IN PLACE! Mass Number Element Name

EXAMPLE III-01: Determining Subatomic Particles Element Symbol Atomic Number Mass Number Protons Neutrons Electrons Hydrogen 1 Boron 5 Gallium Gold H 1 1 1 B 11 5 6 5 Ga 31 70 31 39 31 Au 79 197 79 118 79

EXAMPLE III-02: Shorthand Notations Element Symbol Atomic Number Mass Number Nuclear Notation Hyphen Notation Hydrogen 1 Boron 5 Gallium Gold H 1 1 H Hydrogen-1 B 11 11 5 B Boron-11 Ga 31 70 70 31 Ga Gallium-70 Au 79 197 197 79 Au Gold-197

Isotopes… Just like apples, atoms can come in different varieties called isotopes!

Worksheet: GPB 302 On the back of that sheet… 1. Draw and label the parts of a boron atom. Include the mass and charge of each subatomic particle.

Physical Science Unit 2: Atomic Structure Day Three PNE

WKRP: Venus Flytrap http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hhbqIJZ8wCM

Modeling the Atom Activity Use the Paper plate and cereal to “model” the atom. Listen to the directions provided by your teacher. WS III-03 modified on the back

Physical Science Unit 2: Atomic Structure Day Four Isotopes

Isotopes… Just like apples, atoms can come in different varieties called isotopes!

# protons = Atomic number # neutrons = Mass number – Atomic number # electrons = # protons

ISOTOPES!!!! Element Symbol Atomic Number Mass Number Protons Neutrons Electrons Hydrogen 1 Boron 5 Gallium Gold H 3 1 2 1 B 10 5 5 5 Ga 31 72 31 41 31 Au 79 195 79 116 79

Physical Science Unit 2: Atomic Structure Day Five Ions

Electrons Ions are atoms that have charges. When atoms lose electrons, they form positive charged ions. When atoms gain electrons, they form negative charged ions.

Physical Science Unit 2: Atomic Structure Day Six Bohr Model

Bohr’s Model of the Atom Octet Rule – Atoms are stable when there are eight electrons in outermost energy level Bohr: Electrons orbit atom in specific energy levels, like planets orbit the sun.

IONS Gains 2 e¯ Loses 1 e¯ 8 p+ 8 n0 8 p+ 8 n0 Print this out for the students. Have them label the new charges and what the elements are. Loses 1 e¯ 11 p+ 12 n0 11 p+ 12n0

GPB: Chemistry 303: Electrons in the Atom http://www.gpb.org/chemistry-physics/chemistry/303 Gonna watch the first bit about Bohr’s model