Jamestown and Plymouth

Anglican Church Anne Hutcheson Athenian (Direct) Democracy Cash crops Cavaliers Commerce Disease Fall Line First Africans Indentured Servants Jamestown Mayflower Mayflower Compact (Covenant Community) Middle Passage New England Pilgrims (Separatists) Plantations Plymouth Puritans Quakers Religious Intolerance Rhode Island Roger Williams Salem Witch Trials Subsistence farming Thrifty Town meetings Virginia Co. of London Virginia House of Burgesses

In May1607, 104 colonists landed in modern day Virginia and began a colony named after their King, Jamestown. It is the first permanent English settlement in North America.

The Virginia Company of London (a joint –stock company) was founded in 1606 as a private business, intent on gaining profit by exploiting the resources (??) of the Chesapeake region in Virginia. Jamestown was established as a business venture to make money. Where was Jamestown located? What state is it in? What river does it sit next to? What is near it today?

What were the colonists seeking? Why? 2. Who did the colonists find? How did they react to who they found? 3. How did they respond to the Native Americans? 4. What is this a picture of? Why is it important?

Plantations & Indentured Servants Thanks to the successful cultivation of tobacco, Jamestown became prosperous by Soon thereafter, many came to Virginia and set up plantations. Cavaliers were men of English nobility who were given land grants in Virginia. At first, tobacco was the only cash crop in the Southern colonies.

The Cavaliers were not going to work these plantations. Solution: Indentured servants: The wealthy Englishmen would pay for a poor Englishmen’s fare (passage) to the New World. In return, the Indentured Servant would work five to seven years to pay off their debt. During their years of servitude, they would learn skills like farming, blacksmithing, cobbling, ferrying. etc... Most times, they would also receive money and land from their master. What became of most of the Indentured Servants?

First elected officials: Virginia House of Burgesses The Virginia Co. was doing a lousy job of running the colony. The first ever elected body (indirect democracy)was created to improve the colony. By 1624, though, the King had dissolved the Virginia Co. The King would run the colony for now on. However, the House of Burgesses took care of many colonial decisions.

1619: Slavery comes to the English colony

The Middle Passage brought slaves from Africa across the Atlantic to the Caribbean. Most stayed in the Caribbean, but others went to North America.

Describe three activities these people are doing. Who are they?

Plymouth! The Pilgrims land at Plymouth Rock on December 21, Originally from England, the Pilgrims moved to Holland to escape the religious prosecution they endured in England. However, the Pilgrims wanted their children to grow up English, so they requested and received permission to settle in the English colonies in the New World. The Pilgrims sailed aboard the Mayflower in 1620, settling in Plymouth (Massachusetts) along the New England coast. They wanted religious freedom.

Pilgrims aboard the Mayflower in 1620 sign the Mayflower Compact, which called for majority rule and Puritan beliefs (since they made up the majority of the Plymouth settlers’ religion). The Mayflower Compact helped create a covenant community – a religious group that makes an agreement to run their affairs.

Town Hall Meetings – Direct Democracy in New England The Mayflower Compact laid the ground work for direct democracy in New England. All voting citizens met at a central location and decided on new laws and policies for their town. No one is elected since everyone votes yes or no on the laws being discussed > direct (Athenian) democracy! 1832 was the first recorded town hall meeting.

Religious Intolerance: Plymouth and the Massachusetts Bay Colony

1635: The Case of Roger Williams Even though Puritans?Pilgrims came to New England searching for religious freedom, they were a very religiously intolerant group. If you were against the church you were not welcome!!! Roger Williams spoke out against the government and the government being so closely intertwined. He also was an advocate for the Native Americans who were being unfairly pushed off their lands. Williams was banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony. He eventually found refuge with the aid of some Indians and founded Providence, which would later be the capital of Rhode Island.

1637: The Case of Anne Hutchinson Also banished was Anne Hutchison. She moved Rhode Island and helped Roger Williams establish Providence. A very intelligent woman (probably too smart for her time). She believed the government should not control the church. She spoke out against the governor of Massachusetts. Basically, she was branded as a heretic and tried for treason. She was excommunicated from the church and banished from the colony.

1692: The Salem Witch Trials dventures/salemwitchtrials/story/story.html WPo ducation.com/schooladv entures/salemwitchtrials /story/story.html Intolerance would ultimately lead to death for 20 puritans in1692, where many were accused of being witches.

The Three Colonial Regions

European Interaction with Native Americans European diseases such as measles, mumps and smallpox killed the Native Americans, Native Americans were seldom used as slaves because they could easily escape back to their tribe. The French (who founded modern day Canada ) had better relations with native Americans since they came to America in smaller numbers & thus, took less land.

All Colonists Believed in and practiced free enterprise (capitalism). Had a lot of freedom Had a legislative assembly that they elected Practiced some type of democracy.

New England Colonies Founded by Pilgrims and Puritans Economy: based on ship-building, fishing, lumbering and subsistence farming. Puritan work ethic: strong work and being thrifty made New England very prosperous Social life: very church centered. If you had a high place in the church you were well thought of. Religiously intolerant (except for R.I.). Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut and New Hampshire

Middle Colonies Founded by English, Dutch and Germans. Economy: trade, ship-building, small farms and. Seaport cities like NY and Philly became commercial centers of trade. Social life: had a middle class thanks to all the trade going on. Region was religiously tolerant with Quakers welcome in PA; many people of the Jewish faith lived in New York and many Presbyterians lived in New Jersey. New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware and New Jersey

Southern Colonies Founded by the English and some Scotch-Irish (in the VA mountains). Economy: based on agriculture (plantations east of the fall line and small farms west of the fall lines). Used first indentured servants then slaves to work on the plantations and farms. Cash crops were tobacco, rice & indigo (S.C & GA). Social life: based on English social structure and land ownership. Many southerners held close ties to the Church of England (Anglican Church). As the colonies established church, some tax monies went to support the Anglican church. Many Catholics, however, lived in Maryland. Maryland, Virginia, North & South Carolina and Georgia