September 10, 2014  Agenda: -Attendance -Turn in Readings/Homework -Kahoot! -Finish Exploration and Early Colonization -Review Packet -Quiz at end of class TEST FRIDAY!!!!

Warm Up  Can you list all 13 original colonies?

European Exploration & Colonization

Interactions Among Groups  Essential Question: What were the consequences of the interactions of European, African and American cultures?

Spanish

Spanish Settlement 1562 Map of America by Diego Guitierrez

Spanish Land Use

Spanish Relationship with Native Americans

English

English Settlement

English Land Use

English Relationship with Native Americans

English/Spanish Patterns of Conquest  Did NOT attempt to blend with Natives  Completely take over a conquered area including the land Indians lost traditional territories Indians fell victim to diseases from Europe Many Indians were enslaved (especially by the Spanish)  Continued to trade somewhat – but the relationship between the two groups was troublesome Often had violent conflicts

French

French Settlement

French Land Use

French Relationship with Native Americans

French Patterns of Conquest  French presence in New World was based on trade (furs), not on establishing colonies  Both sides benefited from trade French had better relations with Natives

Interactions Overall  Disease  Death  Loss of Territory

Characteristics of Early Colonization

 Essential Question Why did Europeans settle in the English colonies? How did their motivations influence their settlement patterns and colony structures?

The Southern Colonies Maryland Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia

Southern Colonies  Settled by people seeking economic opportunity  RICH people – (Tidewater - Eastern VA) “Cavaliers”  English Nobility who received large land grants in Eastern VA from the King of England

Divided South Tidewater Appalachian/ Backcountry

Southern Colonies  POOR English Immigrants – (Shenandoah Valley or Western VA) Sought better lives  Small Farmers  Artisans Worked as indentured servants  Agreed to work on tobacco plantations for a period of time to pay for passage to the New World

Jamestown Established: 1607

Jamestown Fort & Settlement Map

Jamestown Housing

Jamestown Settlement

Southern Colonies - JAMESTOWN  Established in 1607 by the Virginia Company of London Was a business venture  FIRST permanent settlement in North America

Virginia House of Burgesses

The Virginia House of Burgesses, established by the 1640s, was the first elected assembly in the New World. It has operated continuously and is today known as the General Assembly of Virginia.

The New England Colonies Massachusetts New Hampshire Rhode Island Connecticut

 Sought religious and economic freedom  New England was settled by Puritans seeking religious freedom from religious persecution in Europe  Often intolerant of those not sharing their religion

They formed a “covenant community” based on the principles of the Mayflower Compact and Puritan beliefs

New England  They practiced a form of direct democracy through town meetings -- based on Athenian democracy

The Middle Colonies New York Pennsylvania New Jersey Delaware

Middle Colonies  Seeking religious freedom (toleration)and economic opportunity  Settled by English, Dutch, and German- speaking immigrants  Incorporated various democratic principles

Political Characteristics of Colonial Period

Political Characteristics NEW ENGLAND  Direct Democracy Used the Athenian democracy model Went to town meetings MIDDLE  Incorporated multiple democratic principles  Reflected the basic rights of Englishmen VA & SOUTH  Maintained stronger ties with Britain Planters played leading roles in legislatures

Social Characteristics of Colonial Period

Social Characteristics – VA & South (Tidewater)  Social status based on land ownership and family status  Large Landowners dominated government and society  Closer Ties to England (than other colonies) Church of England English society

Social Characteristics – VA & South (mountains & valleys)  Scots-Irish and English descent Small Subsistence Farmers Hunters & Traders  Rebelled against Tidewater planters (Bacon’s Rebellion)

Social Characteristics – Middle Colonies  Multiple Religious Groups Quakers (PA) Huguenots & Jews (NY) Presbyterians (NJ)  Believed in religious toleration  Society was flexible Developed Middle Class  Skilled Artisans, Entrepreneurs (business owners) and Small Farmers

Social Characteristics – New England  Society Based on religious standing Intolerant of dissent  Rhode Island founded by dissenters (Roger Williams)

Economic Characteristics of the Colonial Period

Economics – New England  Ship-building  Fishing  Lumbering  Small-scale subsistence farming  Manufacturing (later)  The colonies prospered – reflecting the Puritans’ strong belief in the values of hard work and thrift

Economics – Middle  “Bread Basket” Colonies  Ship-building  Small scale farming  Trade Seaports and Commercial Centers  New York  Philadelphia  Middle class of Artisans Business owners

Divided South Tidewater (Eastern Coastal Lowlands) Appalachian/ Backcountry

Economics – Southern Backcountry (Appalachian foothills)  Small-scale subsistence farming  Hunting  Trading  ALL SOUTHERNERS Believed in Private ownership of property Free enterprise

Economics –Tidewater (Eastern Coastal Lowlands)  Large plantations Cash crops (exported to Europe)  Tobacco  Rice  Indigo

From Indentured Servants to Slavery First Africans were brought against their will to Jamestown in 1619 to work on tobacco plantations

Why Were Slaves Brought to America?  The growth of a plantation-based agricultural economy required cheap labor on a large scale  First needs were met with indentured servants Poor people from England, Scotland or Ireland Agreed to work on plantation for a period of time in return for their passage from Europe or relief from debts

Bacon’s Rebellion: 1676

It exposed resentments between inland frontiersmen and landless former servants against gentry on coastal plantations. Upper class planters searched for laborers less likely to rebel  BLACK SLAVES!! Results of Bacon’s Rebellion

Slave “Castles” El Mina – a slave “castle” in Ghana

Middle Passage

Middle Passage – tight pack, loose pack

The International Slave Trade

Society – All Colonies  Great Awakening Religious movement Swept both Europe and the colonies in the mid-1700’s Rapid growth of evangelical religions (Methodists and Baptists) Challenged established religious and governmental orders Was one of the social foundations of the American Revolution