Unit 4 Vocabulary #1 AP World History

Unit 4 Vocabulary #1 1. Capital 2. Domestic system 3. Enclosure movement 4. Entrepreneurship 5. Factors of production 6. Industrial Revolution 7. Meiji Restoration 8. Russo-Japanese War 9. Sino-Japanese War 10. Zaibatsu 11. Pogrom 12. Quantum physics 13. Romanticism 14. Theory of natural selection 15. Theory of relativity 16. Extraterritoriality 17. Guano *A complete definition is needed **Number each word 18. Monroe Doctrine 19. Opium War 20. Maori 21. Spheres of Influence 22. Suez Canal 23. Tanzimat reforms 24. Treaty of Nanking 25. Young Turks 26. Bill of Rights (U.S.) 27. Bourgeoisie 28. Boxer Rebellion 29. Code Napoleon 30. Communism 31. Congress of Vienna 32. Conscription 33. Conservatism 34. Declaration of Independence 35. Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen and of the Citizen

Romanticism  A literary and artistic movement in nineteenth-century Europe; emphasized emotion over reason

Extraterritoriality  The right of foreigners to live under the laws of their home country rather than those of the host country

Zaibatsu  Large industrial organization created in Japan during the industrialization of the late nineteenth century

Pogrom  Violence against Jews in tsarist Russia

Conscription  Military draft

Bourgeoisie  In France, the class of merchants and artisans who were members of the Third Estate and initiators of the French Revolution; in Marxist theory, a term referring to factory owners

Bill of Rights (U.S.)  The first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. These amendments limit the powers of the federal government, protecting the rights of all citizens, residents and visitors on United States territory.

Boxer Rebellion  Revolt against foreign residents of China

Capital  The money and equipment needed to engage in industrialization

Code Napoleon  Collection of laws that standardized French law under the rule of Napoleon Bonaparte

Communism  An economic system in which the state controls means of production

Congress of Vienna  Peace conference held after Napoleon’s first exile ( ). Presided over by Prince Klemens von Metternich it attempted to bring stability back to Europe by focusing on compensation, legitimacy, & balance of power

Conservatism  In nineteenth-century Europe a movement that supported monarchies, aristocracies, and state-established churches

Domestic system  A manufacturing method in which the stages of the manufacturing process are carried out in private homes

Declaration of Independence  Document that set forth the American colonists’ reasons for separation from Great Britain. Thomas Jefferson, the principal author, incorporated Enlightenment ideas such as “social contract” into the declaration

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen  A statement of political and private property rights adopted by the French National Assembly during the French Revolution

Enclosure movement  The fencing of pasture land in England beginning prior to the Industrial Revolution

Entrepreneurship  The ability to combine the factors of land, labor, and capital to create factory production

Factors of production  Resources used in the production of goods and services

Guano  Bird droppings used as fertilizer; a major trade item of Peru in the late nineteenth century

Industrial Revolution  The transition between the domestic system of manufacturing and the mechanization of production in a factory setting

Monroe Doctrine (1823)  Policy issued by the United States in which it declared that the Western Hemisphere was off limits to colonization by other powers

Maori  A member of a Polynesian group that settled New Zealand about 800 C.E.

Meiji Restoration  The restoration of the Meiji emperor in Japan in 1868 that began a program on industrialization and centralization of Japan following the end of the Tokugawa Shogunate

Opium War ( )  War between Great Britain and China began with the Qing dynasty’s refusal to allow continued opium importation into China; British victory resulted in the Treaty of Nanking

Quantum physics  Branch of science that deals with discrete, indivisible units of energy called quanta as described by the Quantum Theory.

Russo-Japanese War ( )  War between Japan and Russia over Manchurian territory; resulted in the defeat of Russia by the Japanese navy

Sino-Japanese War ( )  Conflict between China and Japan for control of Korea in the late 19th cent.

Spheres of influence  Divisions of a country in which a particular foreign nation enjoys economic privileges

Suez Canal  Canal constructed by Egypt across the Isthmus of Suez in 1869

Theory of natural selection  Evolutionary process by which favorable traits that are heritable become more common in successive generations of a population of reproducing organisms, and unfavorable traits that are heritable become less common

Theory of relativity  Proposed by the Jewish physicist Albert Einstein ( ) in the early part of the 20th century, is one of the most significant scientific advances of all time. Although the concept of relativity was not introduced by Einstein, his major contribution was the recognition that the speed of light in a vacuum is constant and an absolute physical boundary for motion.

Tanzimat reforms  Nineteenth-century reforms by Ottoman rulers designed to make the government and military more efficient

Treaty of Nanking (1842)  Treaty ending the Opium War that ceded Hong Kong to the British

Young Turks  Society founded in 1889 in the Ottoman Empire; its goal was to restore the constitution of 1876 and to reform the empire