The Greatest Change to Human Life since the Neolithic Revolution 12,000 years ago!

  Industrial Revolution- A time in human history when machines and factories replaced goods being made in homes by human hands.  Revolution- is a dramatic change in the way people live.  Factors of Production- 4 things necessary for Industrialization to take place (Capital, Entrepreneurs, Labor, & Land(Natural Resources). Vocabulary

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 Origins  The IR began in Great Britain because it was only place at the time to have all factors of production.  IR began in the 1750 in Britain.  Factors of Production: 1. Capital- Britain had a lot of money from the slave trade and its colonies. It also had many machines & factories. 2.Entrepreneurs- business people willing to risk money combining the other factors of production to make a profit. 3.Land- Britain had coal and iron ore and land for factories (Natural Resources). 4.Labor- due to advances in farming & medicine people lived longer and had more children. Less workers were needed on farms causing thousands to migrate to cities for work.

 Industrial Espionage  Samuel Slater brought the idea of industrialization to America.  He memorized the factory machines while working in Britain.  He sailed to America and started his own factory.  America would grow to become the largest industrialized nation in the world.

 The Cottage Industry  Prior to the IR, 80% of people lived on small farms.  To earn extra money, many women worked in the Cottage industry.  This meant they worked from their home, at their leisure with no clock.

ShopOwner Buys raw cotton for cheap from colonies. Shop Owner

 Would weave the raw cotton in home to make thread in her spare time for extra money. Spinner

 Would weave the thread into cloth to be used to make clothes, etc. Weavers

 Shop Owner  The Shop owner would pick up the finished goods and pay the Weaver and Spinner.  The Shop owner would then take the finished goods to his shop to sell for a profit.

 With the invention of spinning and weaving machines, people in cottage industries lost their income. With the invention of spinning and weaving machines, people in cottage industries lost their income. Also, during this time advances in farming machines meant less people were needed to work on farms. Also, during this time advances in farming machines meant less people were needed to work on farms. Because thousands lost their work, many became homeless and went to cities in search of jobs. Because thousands lost their work, many became homeless and went to cities in search of jobs. Changes to the Cottage Industry

  1. What was the Industrial Revolution?  2. Explain the 4 factors of production.  3. Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in Great Britain?  4. How did it get to the US?  5. Explain the steps in the Cottage Industry. How did the Industrial Revolution change the Cottage Industry? Review Questions

 The First Factories: Mills  The machines that replaced the spinners & weavers were large and could do the work of hundreds of people.  These large machines were placed in large buildings called mills.  Hundreds of thousands of people went to work in mills to earn a living.

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 Impact of the Industrial Revolution  For the 1 st time in history, most people work outside of their homes.  People moved closer to factories which grew into cities.  Technology began to advance & improve at a faster rate than ever before.  IR led to rapid urbanization – living in cities instead of on farms.

Negatives  Because of so many out of work people, pay was very low $1.00-$4.00 dollars a week.  Most factory work was done by women & children because they were paid less than men.  Factors burned coal to run machines, so cities became polluted (Air and Water Pollution).

 Negatives of the IR  Work was dangerous, large machines injured, disfigured, and killed people.  Work was long with most people working hours a day.  It was unhealthy in dirty, cold, polluted factories.  Horrible Histories Horrible Histories Horrible Histories Behind the Swoosh

 Social Darwinism  Thunk! Thunk!  Social Darwinism -A harsh theory adopted by wealthy industrialists stating that individuals who are victims of poverty or are struggling in the society are in that position due to their own "unfitness," weakness, and actions.  Industrialist used this to justify their actions towards the poor & exploitation of children.

 Child Labor  Because children could be paid even less than women, they made up a majority of the workforce.  Children as young as 5 began working in factories, mines, and on large farms.  They were rarely educated and often abused.  Kids Kids

 Child Labor  Children were the major source of labor in industries in the United States and Britain until the early 1900’s.  There was no real public education system.  90% of these children could not read or write, but worked hours a day.  Children of the Revolution Children of the Revolution Children of the Revolution

Reforms  During the early 1900’s newspapers and books were written about factory conditions for workers and children.  Many workers went on STRIKE to protest their working conditions and pay & joined labor unions.  Finally, starting in the 1930’s governments created laws that set wages, improved working conditions, and ended child labor.Public schools became law to further protect children’s future.  Finally, starting in the 1930’s governments created laws that set wages, improved working conditions, and ended child labor. Public schools became law to further protect children’s future.

  Read Pages  Complete question 4 on page 558.  In your notes define each Term: (1)Capitalism, Division of Labor, Interchangeable Parts, Assembly Line, Mass Production, Corporations, Monopoly, Business Cycle, Depression. (1)Capitalism, Division of Labor, Interchangeable Parts, Assembly Line, Mass Production, Corporations, Monopoly, Business Cycle, Depression. Business & Reform

  (2)Economic Theories(Adam Smith, Supply-and- Demand, Free Enterprise, Thomas Malthus, David Ricardo, Laissez-Faire economics) Reformers (Humanitarians, Charles Dickens, Utilitarianism, John Stuart Mill, Reform Laws, Unions, Collective Bargaining).

  After reading pages you will complete the chart & questions in your notes comparing Capitalism & Socialism. Socialism in the Industrial Age CapitalismSocialism Major Economist/PhilosopherAdam SmithKarl Marx Books Written by Pioneers Beliefs & Laws Government’s Role Questions: 1.What positives and negatives would result from capitalism per Smith, Malthus, and Ricardo (page 560)? 2.What positives and negatives would result from socialism per Marx, Owens, and Engels (pages )?