Intro to WWII What was the 1928 Kellogg-Briand Pact? Name one “pro” and one “con” about the Kellogg-Briand Pact. Signed by 15 nations: Australia, Belgium, Canada, Czechoslovakia, France, Germany, Great Britain, India, the Irish Free State, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, Poland, South Africa, and the United States U.S. President Coolidge signing the Kellogg-Briand Pact (AKA Pact of Paris) in 1928. 

What do you remember about WWII? 1920 1930 1940 Discuss with your groups. Each group sends one person to add one idea to the board. If you don’t remember the date, or your idea is not tied to a specific date, add it above or below the timeline. No repeats.

Worldwide Events Leading up to WWII As Germany, Italy, and Japan conquered other countries, the rest of the world did nothing to stop them (appeasement)

Aggressors Invade Nations Germany& Italy are set on conquering territory in weak nations Britain, France, U.S. were distracted by econ. problems at home and want peace. U.S. does not want political ties with other nations Hope for peace is pinned on weak League of Nations.

Military Gains Control of Japan Japan govt more democratic Parliament had many weaknesses Constitution limited powers of prime minister and cabinet Civilian leaders had little control over armed forces Military leaders reported only to emperor 1928 Japan signs Kellogg-Briand Pact 1929 Great Depression blame govt. Military Leaders, promise a solution Win control of the country

Militarist vs. Fascist Japanese leaders ARE NOT Fascist Japanese Militarists Japanese leaders ARE NOT Fascist Goal is to restore traditional government, not new one Emperor (Hirohito) = symbol of state power Japan’s militarists ARE extreme nationalists Want to solve economic problems via foreign expansion

Japan Seeks an Empire Pacific Empire would: Provide needed raw materials Room/food for rising population Create market for goods

Manchuria Japanese business had invested a lot of $ in China’s northeast province, Manchuria Rich in coal & iron 1931 Japanese army captures Manchuria (despite objections from parliament) Army sets up “puppet government” First direct challenge to the League of Nations L of N = all major democracies are members except U.S. League objects 1933 - Japan leaves league 1931: Japanese Aggression in Manchuria 1:51

Japan Invades China 1937 Japan continues into: China China has larger army Japan better equipped and trained Japan easily defeat Chinese army Rape of Nanjing Japan soldiers commit rape, arson, looting, murder Beijing, northern cities, and capital Nanjing fall to Japanese Jiang Jieshi (leader of China’s army) retreats westward Chinese guerilla fighters, led by Chinese Communist leader Mao Zedong, continue to fight

Mussolini Attacks Ethiopia Meanwhile in Italy… Mussolini Attacks Ethiopia Failure of League to stop Japan (invasion of Manchuria) encourages Italy Mussolini wants an Italian empire in Africa 1935 Italy invades Ethiopia (one of Africa’s 3 independent nations) Haille Selassie (Ethiopian Emperor) pleas to League for help The League condemns attack, but does nothing Mussolini Emperor Selassie

Meanwhile in Germany… 1934 = German-Polish Non-Aggression Pact not popular with Germans who resented that Poland had received various former German provinces under the Treaty of Versailles 10 yr pact Hitler sought to eliminate threat of French-Polish military alliance against Germany before Germany had a chance to rearm

1935 1936 Hitler vows to rebuild German Army Violation of Versailles German troops take Rhineland Buffer zone between France & Germany Rich in resources War Erupts in Eastern Europe 4:57

1936 – Rome-Berlin Axis = agreement between Mussolini and Hitler One month later… Anti-Comintern Pact = Japan and Germany sign against the Soviet Union  Eventually… 1940 – Tripartite Pact = Germany, Italy, and Japan = Axis Powers Looking at the world map, why would each pair of countries ally together? Why would the 3?

Hitler continues to expand…Austria March 1938, Hitler moves troops into Austria and annexes it Birthplace; Mein Kampf Breaks Versailles Treaty specifically prevented a union between Austria and Germany Many Austrians support union with Germany Britain & France verbally protest… APPEASEMENT 1867 Dual-Monarchy of Austria-Hungary established 1914 Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to Austrian throne, assassinated . WWI begins. Austria joins Germany in fighting Allies. 1918 World War I ends. Austria & Hungary become separate republics. 1938 German troops under Hitler annex Austria

Czech Says no Next Hitler demands Czechoslovakia give up Sudatenland contains German speaking people Borders Austria and Germany Czech Says no

Germany, Italy, France, Germany… who’s missing? Munich Conference 9/29/1938 : Germany, Italy, France, Germany… who’s missing? Britain & France agree to let Hitler have Sudetenland if he doesn’t expand any more Hitler promises to respect new borders within a couple months takes the entire country of Czechoslovakia France & Britain know Poland could be next on Hitler’s agenda; pledge to protect it

1939 Hitler demands Poland return former German port of Danzig. Poland refuses. Hitler thinks Britain and France would give in again. Why?

Hitler & Stalin Make a Deal August 23, 1939 – Soviet Union and Germany sign a non-aggression pact Promise to never attack each other Partition Poland Germany has no threat of attack from east

Sept. 1, 1939 - Germany invades Poland Sept. 3 – Britain & France declare war on Germany Sept. 17 – Soviet Union invades Poland One year later the Tripartite Pact will be signed… a threat to neutral U.S. to think twice before joining Britain and France

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