Happy Friday 12.3 EQ Summary - Describe the slave system in the south – – Yes I know this is not a question – just do it

Ch – Immigration & Urban Challenges EQ: What was city life like in 1800’s America?

Partner Work Create 3 columns on your poster paper Brainstorm and write as much information as you can think of without opening the book Push Factors = things that cause a person to want to leave their country (pushing them out) Pull Factors = things that cause a person to want to go to a certain country (pulling them in) Problems for Immigrants = problems immigrants may face once they get to their new country Push FactorsPull FactorsProblems for Immigrants

Immigrants Arrive Mostly from Europe Fleeing economic & political problems Irish left because of the “Potato Famine” Most Irish moved to cities Germans left because of the failed German Revolution & for better opportunities Most Germans moved to rural farms Immigrants faced discrimination – Nativists feared they would lose their jobs to immigrants – Nativists feared the new cultures – Immigrants were often a different religion than Nativists

Anti-Immigration Movements Nativists – people who opposed immigrants Know-Nothing Party – political party that made citizenship more difficult

Growth of Cities Cities grew due to : – Transportation Revolution – Industrial Revolution – Immigrants Middle class – a new socio-economic class of people (professionals, master craftspeople, merchants) Cities: – Entertainment – Culture – Concerts/clubs/libraries – Crowded – Lack of safe housing – Tenements – lack of clean water – Garbage – human waste – Crime – fire

Good Morning Review, highlight, write questions for 13.1 notes Complete your EQ Summary (don’t forget a topic sentence and a good quote) Begin reading 13.2 & complete 13.2 vocabulary chart

13.2 American Arts No EQ for this section Partner read Label and complete: “Page 407 1ab, 2ab” – Restate the question in your answer for full credit

Page 407 1ab, 2ab 1a. The main teachings of Transcendentalism were that people should not rely on material things and only rely on themselves and their own insights rather than outside influences. 1b. The Utopian community in the United States was at Brook Farm, Massachusetts. Its goal was to form a perfect society and to have abstract, spiritual and cooperative lifestyles 2a. Some important American authors and poets at this time were Nathaniel Hawthorne, Ann Sophia Stephens, Herman Melville, Edgar Allen Poe, Emily Dickenson, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and Walt Whitman. 2b. The Romantic Movement artists expressed ideas of simple life and nature with an emphasis on individual expression. Lots of landscapes were painted to show the beauty and wonder of American nature.

Transcendentalism Belief that people could transcend or rise above materialistic things in life. – Ralph Waldo Emerson – Henry David Thoreau – Margaret Fuller

Romanticism Ideas about the simple life and nature influenced artists and painters. (Asher Durand)

Literature – Edgar Allen Poe – Emily Dickenson – Walt Whitman – Henry Wadsworth Longfellow A Book By Emily Dickenson There is no frigate like a book To take us lands away, Nor any coursers like a page Of prancing poetry. This traverse may the poorest take Without oppress of toll; How frugal is the chariot That bears a human soul!

13.3 Reforming Society EQ: Which reform movement do you think had the greatest effect on America and why? SubjectProblemsSolutions Alcohol Prisons Education African-Americans

SubjectProblemsSolutions Alcohol alcohol caused social problems, violence, poverty and crime Temperance Movement – urged people not to drink hard liquor and limit beer and wine American Temperance Society & American Temperance Union Minister Lyman Beecher = a reformer who voiced his approval of the temperance movement Prisons the mentally ill were jailed with criminals and not being treated humanely Orphans and runaways often sent to prison Overcrowding Cruel treatment of prisoners Dorothea Dix Massachusetts built new facilities for the mentally ill More than 100 state hospitals were built Reform schools were set up for them instead where they could learn useful skills Houses of correction – offered prisoners an education Education Poor public education Kids were working instead of going to school Untrained teachers Small school houses Poor kids left behind McGuffey’s Readers – literature, textbooks and moral and social values lessons Common School Movement – common place for all kids (Horace Mann) Doubled school budget Lengthened school year Started a teacher training school Catharine Beecher – all girls school Thomas Gallaudet – school for hearing impaired African- Americans Segregated Treated poorly in church Rarely accepted into colleges Southern laws banning education Slaves forbidden to learn Richard Allen – Free American Religious Society for racial equality Schools for black Americans Oberlin College Harvard Institute for Colored Youth Avery College

Assignments 1.Label “Primary Source page 413” Read and answer the analyzing primary sources question – don’t forget to restate the question in your answer 2.Label “Biography page 413” Read and answer the analyzing information question – don’t forget to restate the question in your answer

13.4 The Movement to End Slavery EQ: For what reasons did some people wish to end slavery and for what reasons did some people wish for it to continue?

Americans Oppose Slavery Abolition – an end to slavery Reasons for abolition: – Not Christian – Declaration of Independence states “all men are created equal” – Revolutionary War was fought for freedom Abolitionists’ practices – Newspaper articles – Pamphlets – Books – Plays – American Anti-Slavery Society – Petitioned Congress – Essays – Speeches

Underground Railroad Harriet Tubman An organization that was not an actual railroad, but a network of people who arranged transportation and hiding places for fugitive slaves Made up of free African Americans, former slaves, white abolitionists Goal = to get to the north where slavery did not exist

Opposition to Abolition Reasons for wanting slavery to continue – Opposed equality – Freed slaves may take away jobs from white workers – Vital to the south’s economy & culture – Racism – fear

13.5 Women’s Rights EQ:

Seneca Falls Convention Declaration of Sentiments – Detailed social injustices against women