{ Civics

 British East India Company was an important British business that sold tea from India

 workers and sailors were the two groups of people that surrounded soldiers during the Boston Massacre

 The Declaration’s “list of grievances” included colonists being taxed without their consent.

 some people oppose ratification of the Constitution because it did not include protection of individual rights. 

 The final authority to determine whether a law is acceptable under the Constitution rests with The Supreme Court

 Thomas Paine inspired many other colonists by publishing a pamphlet called Common Sense

 The elastic clause allows Congress to stretch its powers to meet new needs

 The Bill of Rights has 10 Amendments

 In 1689, King William and Queen Mary signed the English Bill of Rights.

 The greatest number of Native American fatalities were caused by diseases spread by European contact

 The Constitution gives the power to declare war to Congress

 The purpose of Committees of Correspondence was to keep colonists informed of British actions

 Both the Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights gave people accused of a crime the right to a trial by jury.

 The main purpose of the Declaration to declare the separation of the United States from Britain

 criticizing the government is a form of speech protected by the First Amendment

 In impeachment proceedings, the House may Impeach, but the Senate must convict.

 Marbury v Madison establish the right of the Supreme Court to determine if a Federal, State or Local law is constitutional. This is known as Judicial review

 In 1765 Parliament passed the Stamp Act, which required colonists to buy stamps to put on legal documents.

 Enlightenment thinkers such as John Locke and Baron de Montesquieu argued that the laws of nature also applied to human life and society

 The line of succession after the president and vice president  Speaker of the House --> president pro tempore of the Senate --> secretary of state

 The primary author of the Declaration of Independence was Thomas Jefferson

 Religion had the largest impact on education in the colonies

 The Constitution became the supreme law of the land when nine states ratified it

 Constitution: detailed, written plan for government

 checks and balances: the ability of each government branch to limit the power of the other branches

 Anti-Federalists: Americans who opposed the Constitution

 popular sovereignty: the idea that power lies with the people

 Magna Carta: document that set principles for limited government

 Militia: military force made up of civilians trained as soldiers

 Minutemen: citizen soldiers who fought the British at Lexington and Concord

 Blockade: the shutting off of a port by ships to keep people or supplies from moving in or out

 double jeopardy: being tried twice for the same crime

 search warrant: court order allowing police to search private property and gather evidence

 due process: following established legal procedures

 Compromise: agreement in which each side gives up some demands

 Jurisdiction: court's authority to hear and decide a case

 judicial review: power to review any federal, state, or local law or action to see if it violates the Constitution

 appellate jurisdiction: authority of a court to hear a case appealed from a lower court

 original jurisdiction: authority to hear cases for the first time

 Impeach: accuse officials of misconduct in office

 expressed powers: specific powers of Congress listed in the Constitution

 Bicameral two-part body

 Veto: president's refusal to sign a bill

 Monarch: king or queen

 proprietary colony: colony owned and controlled by a private owner

 royal colony: colony owned and ruled directly by a king

 Delegates: representative

 Federalist Papers: a series of essays

 Ratify: to approve a document

 direct democracy: form of democracy in which the people vote first hand

 Republic: a representative democracy where citizens choose their lawmakers

 executive branch: the division of government that carries out the laws

 separation of powers: the division of authority among the three branches of government

 Lobbyist: person hired by a private group to influence government decisions

 implied powers: congressional powers that are not stated explicitly in the Constitution

 The House of Burgesses marked the start of representative government in North America.

 Virginia developed a dependable source of income for itself by growing tobacco.

 James Madison is known as the father of the Constitution.