Chapter 8.1 Royal Power Grows Medieval monarchs struggled for power w/ nobles and churchmen. They slowly built the framework for the nation-states of today

Ch. 8 vocab King John 1King Louis IX 1 Lay investiture 2Frederick Barbarossa 2 Reconquista 3crusades 3 Scholasticism 4illumination 4 Vernacular 4 Epidemic 5

What we’ll learnWhy? Monarchs (Kings) gain power from Nobles and the church England becomes powerful, FR too English King has to share power w/ nobles Where did countries come from? Why didn’t monarchs have unlimited power? Essential Q: how do Monarchs gain power from nobles and the Church?

FQ #1 Thursday, 10/10 Tell me about the Magna Carta Who signed it? When? Why did he sign it? What did it signify? See teacher tube video—from AIHE—titled Magna Carta, 6 min.

FQ: What’s your “currency?” What skills and abilities are required for you to be successful? There are many. Think of the skills needed in a career, in society, in your family, in a relationship… Mine include: patience, knowledge, mental toughness, fitness, high energy, sense of humor, etc.

Focus Q: How much time do you spend thinking about conflict? How’s this make you feel? Does thinking about conflict impact you positively or negatively? How does this impact your thoughts? How does this impact your actions? If you could, would you think about conflict less?

Monarchs, Nobles, and the Church 1.In the early middle ages, monarchs are at the top of society, but had limited power. 2.Sometimes nobles or the church had more power 3.Nobles and the church: – Have armies, collect taxes, have their own courts

Monarchs, Nobles, and the Church Monarchs get more power by: – Set up royal courts – Organize govt. bureaucracies – Develop tax systems – Build armies – ***Strengthen ties w/ townspeople of the middle class—they support rulers who imposed peace needed for successful trade***

English Kings Strengthen Their Power 1.In the 400s and 500s, Anglo-Saxons conquer most of the area of Britain , rule is contested—Harold vs. William (the Conqueror), Duke of Normandy 3.William the Conqueror wins at the Battle of Hastings (1066)

The Rise of European Monarchies: England England The Rise of European Monarchies: England England What’s a Monarch?

William the Conqueror expands power 1.Kept much land for himself—granted some fiefs to the church, nobles ***W the C Required each vassal to swear allegiance to him*** —census taken—published in Domesday Book – ***Helped him develop tax system*** and later a royal treasury (exchequer)

William the Conqueror

Review Q  Why did ties between rulers (kings) and the middle class get stronger?

Henry II expands power , begins expanding customs into laws 2.Decisions of royal courts became foundation of English common law—legal system based on custom and court rulings ***English common law applied to all of England*** ***People began to bring grievances to royal courts rather than nobles or church courts*** 3.Also began an early jury system—like a grand jury

 Any idea how English common law and our legal system differ?  English common law—legal system based on custom and court rulings  Much is not written down

Henry II has conflict w/ the Church ***Henry II has conflict w/ the Church b/c Henry claimed the right to try clergy in royal courts*** 1.Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Beckett, vehemently opposed this 2.Beckett is murdered, later sainted

Henry II of England

Evolving Traditions of Govt. English rulers cont. to have trouble w/ nobles and the Church when they tried to raise taxes or impose their will on those traditional medieval authorities. King John of England makes a historic decision………………

King John makes enemies… , loses a war to Philip II of France and loses part of Anjou and Normandy 2.Battles Pope Innocent III over who the next Archbishop of Canterbury would be – Innocent placed the interdict (no church services) on England – John had to accept England as a fief of pope and pay yearly to Rome

King John and the Magna Carta , the Great Charter—63 articles ***His nobles are mad at high taxes and other abuses of power*** 2.Forced to sign the M.C. at Runnymeade 3.King gives up some of his power

Magna Carta 1.Nobles have certain rights (similar to Bill of Rights?) 2.Monarchs must obey the law 3.No new taxes w/o consulting the Great Council (later Parliament) – American colonists would claim this meant no taxation w/o representation

Magna Carta 4.Freemen protected from arbitrary arrest, imprisonment – Basis of due process of law – Monarch is not above the law – Basis for habeas corpus—can’t be imprisoned unless charged w/ a crime

Magna Carta, 1215  King John I   Runnymeade  “Great Charter”  monarchs were not above the law.  kings had to consult a council of advisors.  kings could not tax arbitrarily.

Development of Parliament 1.Great Council develops into Parliament— England’s legislature ***Edward I approves a 2-house body— House of Lords, House of Commons*** 2.Over time get the “power of the purse”— right to approve any new taxes—is a check on the power of the monarch

The Beginnings of the British Parliament  Great Council:  later called Parliament.  by 1400, two chambers evolved: o House of Lords  nobles & clergy o House of Commons  knights and burgesses (local politician)  Similar political body in the U.S.?

The Rise of European Monarchies: France France The Rise of European Monarchies: France France

Louis IX of France 1.Very religious, sainted 30 yrs. after death 2.Persecuted Jews, led Knights on 2 Crusades against Muslims ***Improved royal govt*** – Sent officials to check on local administrators – Expanded royal courts, outlawed private wars – Ended serfdom in his personal domain

Clashing w/ the Pope 1.Philip IV (FR) tried to tax the clergy 2.Pope Boniface VIII forbade it 3.Philip sends troops to seize the pope, who escaped, but died soon afterward ***1305 French pope elected, Clement V – 1309, moved papal court to Avignon, where FR rulers could better control it***

Paris

Pope’s Palace Avignon

Clashing w/ the Pope 1.Causes a crisis in the church 2.Another pope elected in Rome, as a result…… ***Power of the papacy is declining***

8.1 Creative side: What was the essential idea?  Give 2 examples of how Monarchs gained power from nobles and the church.  Give 1 example of limitations on the power of Monarchs.  Draw 1 picture w/ a caption of one of the above ideas.