© Tomás Rivera Policy Institute The Latinozation of America or the Americanization of Latinos? Presented by: Harry P. Pachon, Ph.D. President, Tomás Rivera Policy Institute Luther Lee Professor of Public Policy, Claremont Graduate University Mapping the Future :

© Tomás Rivera Policy Institute FACT 1 : Latinos are still geographically concentrated TREND 1 : Latinos are dispersing throughout the nation TREND 2 : Latinos are also integrating culturally

© Tomás Rivera Policy Institute Top 10 States and Latino Population

© Tomás Rivera Policy Institute Latino Diaspora: States Where Latinos are Largest Minority Group: 1970 Census

© Tomás Rivera Policy Institute Latino Diaspora: States Where Latinos are Largest Minority Group: 1990 Census

© Tomás Rivera Policy Institute Latino Diaspora: States Where Latinos are Largest Minority Group: 2000 Census

© Tomás Rivera Policy Institute Top 10 Counties of Latino Growth

© Tomás Rivera Policy Institute Top 10 Counties of Latino Growth Of these Top 10 Counties 4 are in North Carolina 3 are in Georgia 2 are in Arkansas 1 is in Indiana

© Tomás Rivera Policy Institute Nationality of Latino Population

© Tomás Rivera Policy Institute Measures of Cultural Integration

© Tomás Rivera Policy Institute Language Spoken at Home Los Angeles, CA2000 AMONG SPANISH SPEAKERS Age Group English Ability & over Very Well65%40%32% Well21%22%21% Not Well10%25%20% Not At All 4%13%27%

© Tomás Rivera Policy Institute Language Spoken at Home New York, NY2000 AMONG SPANISH SPEAKERS Age Group English Ability & over Very Well71%49%33% Well20%19%19% Not Well 7%22%26% Not At All 2%10%22%

© Tomás Rivera Policy Institute Race/Ethnicity First Second Third White Asian Black Hispanic Source: Panel estimates using 1990 census microdata and 1994 birth data from the National Center for Health Statistics Exogamy Estimates for Ethnic Groups By Immigrant Generation

© Tomás Rivera Policy Institute FACT 2 : The Latino community has high numbers of recently arrived immigrants FACT 3 : Immigrant households lower the average income and educational levels for all Latino households TREND 3 : There is a growing Latino middle class (household income $40,000+) that is regularly overlooked by the media and the pundits)

© Tomás Rivera Policy Institute

Latino Black Other Minority Latino-Owned Businesses

© Tomás Rivera Policy Institute Fact 4: Latinos are too often stereotyped in terms of political behavior.  The Sleeping Giant Analogy

© Tomás Rivera Policy Institute Realities of the Latino Vote 5% of the National Electorate  Exceeds the Jewish and Gay vote in the U.S.  Twice the number of Asian- American votes.  Are second only the African- American vote for minorities of color.

© Tomás Rivera Policy Institute Two Streams of New Latino Voters  Young Latino Voters  New Citizen Voters

© Tomás Rivera Policy Institute Growth in Naturalization Source: INS Statistical Yearbooks, Persons from Selected Latin American Countries Naturalized in California and the U.S.

© Tomás Rivera Policy Institute Latino Voter Turnout

© Tomás Rivera Policy Institute Presidential Vote Choice Dukakis BushClinton Bush PerotClinton Dole PerotGore Bush Other

© Tomás Rivera Policy Institute Exceeding Projections of Latino Voting in Los Angeles County +43% +47%

© Tomás Rivera Policy Institute FACT 5 : The heterogeneity of the Latino community has impact on simple descriptions of Latino community behavior and attitudes TREND 4 : Latino political attitudes and consumer/linguistic characteristics will reflect the community’s heterogeneity

© Tomás Rivera Policy Institute A majority believe that illegal immigrants should be eligible for government assistance. 60% of Latinos agree that illegal immigrants should be eligible for government assistance, such as Medicaid or welfare. Statistics from the national sample only (N=1709).

© Tomás Rivera Policy Institute School vouchers are largely supported 60% of respondents strongly agree or agree that the government should provide parents with funding to send their children to a private school, including a religious school. There is little difference between Catholics and Protestants in support for school vouchers. Statistics from the national sample only (N=1709).

© Tomás Rivera Policy Institute There is substantial disagreement over the death penalty 39% of Latinos favor the death penalty for persons convicted of murder, while 45% oppose it. There is not much difference between Catholics and Protestants in this regard. Statistics from the national sample only (N=1709).

© Tomás Rivera Policy Institute School prayer is overwhelmingly supported. 70% of Latinos approve of having organized prayer in public schools, while 24% disapprove it. Statistics from the national sample only (N=1709).

© Tomás Rivera Policy Institute There is substantial disagreement over the issue of abortion. 26% of Latinos believe that an abortion should never be permitted. Another 40% say that an abortion should be permitted only in case of rape, incest or when the woman’s life is in danger. 8% indicates that an abortion should be permitted only after the need other than rape or incest has been clearly established. Only 26% consider an abortion as a matter of personal choice. Statistics from the national sample only (N=1709).

© Tomás Rivera Policy Institute Latino Catholics are somewhat less conservative on the issue of abortion 40% of Protestants, as compared to 22% of Catholics, believe that an abortion should never be permitted. 19% of Protestants and 27% of Catholics believe that a woman should always be able to obtain an abortion as a matter of personal choice. Statistics from the national sample only (N=1709).

© Tomás Rivera Policy Institute A majority do not tolerate homosexual relations. 65% of Latinos believe that sexual relations between two adults of the same sex are always wrong. Only 22% say that homosexual relations are not wrong at all. Statistics from the national sample only (N=1709).

© Tomás Rivera Policy Institute A majority believes that women should be ordained and allowed to pastor churches. 52% of Latinos believe that women should be ordained and allowed to pastor churches. 14% say that women should be allowed to serve in the lay ministry only. 12% claim that women should be licensed but not ordained. The remaining 22% believe that women should not be ordained or allowed to pastor churches. Statistics from the national sample only (N=1709).

© Tomás Rivera Policy Institute LATINO POLITICAL VIEWS VARY WelfareConservative Crime & PunishmentConservative Attitudes towards policeSuspicious Immigrant rightsLiberal ImmigrationAmbivalent Bilingual EducationMixed Positive GovernmentLiberal role in education Positive GovernmentLiberal role in job creation Children’s issuesLiberal

© Tomás Rivera Policy Institute The Importance of Generational Status

© Tomás Rivera Policy Institute Over time, Latinos increasingly identify as Democrats By the third generation, over half of Latinos identify as Democrats. Only 32.7 percent of immigrants identify as Democrats. A greater proportion of Latinos identify as Independents than as Republicans. Nearly one-third of Latino immigrants identify as Independents.

© Tomás Rivera Policy Institute There is a slight decrease in support for school vouchers among Latinos by the second and third generations percent of Latino immigrants support vouchers percent And 60.2 percent of third generation Latinos, respectively, support vouchers. This pattern holds for Latino Catholics across all generations. Second generation Latino Protestants are the most likely to support vouchers, however.

© Tomás Rivera Policy Institute Support for illegal immigrant eligibility for governmental assistance declines considerably by the third generation percent of immigrants support such assistance. Only 55.1 percent and 38.3 percent of second and third generation Latinos, respectively, support such assistance. Religious affiliation has no affect on this relationship. A similar pattern is evident among both Latino Catholics and Protestants across all generations.

© Tomás Rivera Policy Institute Fewer second generation Latinos support school prayer than other generations percent of second generation Latinos support school prayer, compared to 72.8 percent and 72.3 percent of Latino immigrants and third generation Latinos, respectively. This relationship holds for Latino Catholics, but not for Latino Protestants. As Latino Protestant generations get later, support for school prayer increases.

© Tomás Rivera Policy Institute Support for the death penalty increases by the third generation percent of immigrants support the death penalty, compared to 38.9 percent and 49.4 percent of second and third generation Latinos, respectively. This pattern holds for both Latino Protestants and Catholics across all generations.

© Tomás Rivera Policy Institute Support for abortion rights tends to increase as Latino generations get older percent and 32.5 percent of second and third generation Latinos, respectively, believe that a woman should always be able to obtain an abortion. Only 18.1 percent of Latino immigrants, by contrast, believe the same. This pattern holds for both Latino Catholics and Protestants across all generations.

© Tomás Rivera Policy Institute Fewer second generation Latinos think homosexuality is ‘always wrong’ than other generations percent of second generation Latinos think homosexuality is wrong, compared to 63.9 percent and 56.4 percent of Latino immigrants and third generation Latinos, respectively. This pattern holds for both Latino Catholics and Protestants across all generations.

© Tomás Rivera Policy Institute The Latinization of America or the Americanization of Latinos ?

© Tomás Rivera Policy Institute Working families 46% Latinos or Hispanics 43% Democrats 32% Minorities 22% Union members13% The elderly 19% Soccer Moms 18% The Christian right 13% Conservatives 16% Suburban families 13% Republicans 8% Gays and Lesbians 4% Liberals 1% DO NOT IDENTIFY WITH ANY11% Latino Self-Identification (Among Latinos Registered to Vote)

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