Kristi Nishida, Ariel Martinez, Kaylie Nishimoto AP European History Period 4 4/25/11

-The deviation from Western art in that is present in art today first occurred in Paris. -The movement was led by Claude Monet, August Renoir, Edgar Degas, Berthe Morisot, and Mary Cassatt. -It focused on the social life and leisured activities of the lower middle classes and urban middle classes rather than religious or historical themes. -The leisure time came about because of the Industrial Revolution. -They recorded Parisians attending cafes, dance halls, concerts, picnics, horse races, boating excursions, beach parties. -Artists focused on light because it meant a fleeting moment in time. -Often time’s painters such as Monet would revisit a scene and repaint it at a different time. - In 1892, Monet rented a room across from the Cathedral of Rouen so he could repaint the scene over and over again at different times of the day and year. “Dull Weather” and “Full Sunlight” are his paintings showing the big difference in light and color. Impressionism

-Paintings often looked like sketches and lacked a polished or “finished look” since the artists would use strokes to display light and kept the colors strong and unmixed. -This angered the public because it was a change and required the active participation of the viewer’s eyes to mix the colors themselves. -The required mixing of the colors by the viewers and the bright colors were supposed to add up to the experience of natural sunlight. -Impressionists stayed true to realism in that they focused on their views of the object, but did not replicate the object just for itself as realists did. -Impressionism changed realism into subjective realism in which the main concern was in the subjective not the objective. Impressionism Impressionism…

“Luncheon of the Boating Party” by Renoir shows the middle class life or young men and women at a party. It contains warm lights because of the sunlight filtering in from the orange striped awning in the painting.

This is Monet’s paintings of the Cathedral of Rouen at different times of the day and different times of the year. The left one is called “Dull Weather” and the right one is called “Full Sunlight.” These painting reveal the differences that impressionists showed with color and sunlight and how they painted subjectively rather than objectively.

This was Eduoard Manet’s last great masterpiece, “Bar at the Folies-Bergere” (1882). It depicted a young barmaid in a music hall with a trapeze artist in the top left corner, and audience, and chandeliers as well as electric light bulbs. Manet even painted the interior light coming from the newly invented light bulbs. The Folies Bergere was one of the largest and most expensive concert halls in Paris at the time where people could pursue leisure activity.

Post-Impressionism -Post-Impressionism extended beyond impressionism and was the movement in France during the 20 th century, beginning around Post-Impressionists include Vincent Van Gogh, Georges Seurat, Paul Cezanne, Henri Rousseau, Paul Gauguin, and Emile Bernard. Some post-impressionists were at first impressionists -Post-Impressionists were more individualistic than impressionists because they focused on individual goals, theories, and interests that do not coincide like impressionist artists. -The term “post-impressionism” was coined by British Roger Fry in 1910 in order to describe the artworks after Manet. -Like Impressionism, Post-Impressionism continued using vivid colors with thick, distinctive brush strokes and focused on real-life matter. -It differed from Impressionism because post-impressionists would emphasize geometric forms, distort forms, and use unnatural color.

Neo-Impressionism -Neo-Impressionism was coined by the French Felix Feneon in 1886 to describe the art movement begun by Georges Seurat. -Pointillism is the painting technique in which pure colored dots of varying sizes are applied to form shapes -Pointillist artists include Seurat and Van Gogh. -It forces the viewer’s eyes and mind to blend the dots in order to see images. -Divisionism, similar to pointillism, focuses on the separation of color. -also known as Chromoluminarism. -Other forms of post-impressionist art include cloisonnism, synthetism, and symbolism. -Cloisonnism is the art technique which includes bold flat images, and it includes the artworks of Emile Bernard. -Pont-Aven School refers to art on the subject of Pont-Aven in Brittany, France, and it includes the artworks of Paul Gauguin.

Vincent Van Gogh’s “Starry Night”, painted in 1889 in an Asylum at Saint-Remy. The viewer sees the view outside of Van Gogh’s room-a swirling sky, the town of Saint-Remy, the Alpilles Mountains, and a cypress tree.

This is Georges Seurat’s “Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte” painted in It shows people of all social classes doing park activities. The Grande Jatte was an island in the Seine beyond Paris.

Emile’s “Le Pardon de Pont-Aven” painted in The painting demonstrates cloinnism, with its bold and flat figures separated by thick black lines which creates contours.

Expressionism -The movement of Expressionism became widely known in Germany before the start of World War I. -The style also often appears in art during time of chaos and oppression. -Differing from Impressionism, Expressionism strongly imposed the artist's own sensibility to the world's representation rather than reproducing the impression suggested by the surrounding world. -Expressionism expressed meaning or emotional experience rather than physical reality. -Influenced by symbolism, fauvism, and cubism. -Friedrich Nietzsche helped develop modern Expressionism in his book The Birth of Tragedy where he urges that the non rational aspects of human nature are as important and noble as the rational characteristics. -Usually the style is not know for its aesthetics, but has the capacity to cause the viewer to experience strong emotions with the drama and often horror of the scenes depicted.

Wassily Kadinski, “Composition VIII” painted in 1923.

George Grosz, “The Lovesick Man” painted in 1916.

Amedeo Modigliani, “Bride and Groom” painted in 1915.