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Read Robert Walton’s Frame Letters for Monday Quiz to Start Quarter 2 on Monday / Tuesday  This Power Point  The Frame Letters of Robert Walton  Letters 1 – 4

Introduction to Mary Shelley & Frankenstein Frankenstein  Frankenstein  Romantic Gothic Novel  Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus, is a novel written by English author Mary Shelley about eccentric scientist Victor Frankenstein, who creates a grotesque creature in an unorthodox scientific experiment.  Published: 1818  Authors: Mary Shelley  Genres: Science Fiction, Romance novel, Gothic fiction, Horror

Gothic, Romantic, or Science Fiction ? Frankenstein  Frankenstein is infused with elements of the Gothic novel and the Romantic movement and is also considered to be one of the earliest examples of science fiction.  Critics have argued that it should be considered the first true science fiction story, because unlike in previous stories with fantastical elements resembling those of later science fiction, the central character "makes a deliberate decision" and "turns to modern experiments in the laboratory" to achieve fantastic results.

His Name? Frankenstein  Since publication of the novel, the name "Frankenstein" is often used to refer to the monster itself; however,  In the novel, the monster is identified via words such as "creature", "monster", "fiend", "wretch", "vile insect", "daemon", "being", and "it". Speaking to Victor Frankenstein, the monster refers to himself as "the Adam of your labours", and elsewhere as someone who "would have" been "your Adam", but is instead "your fallen angel.

The Setting Frankenstein  Frankenstein is written in the form of a frame story that starts with Captain Robert Walton writing letters to his sister. It takes place during an unspecified time in the 18th Century, as the letters' dates are shown as "17—".

Frame Story Frankenstein  Frame Story: Characters meet and one decides to tell the other a story.  Robert Walton, writing to his sister, decides to tell her a story he heard from Victor Frankestein  Robert Walton’s story to his sister begins with chapter 1

Captain Walton's Introductory Frame Frankenstein  The novel Frankenstein is written in epistolary form, documenting a correspondence between Captain Robert Walton and his sister, Margaret Walton Saville. Walton is a failed writer who sets out to explore the North Pole and expand his scientific knowledge in hopes of achieving fame. During the voyage the crew spots a dog sled mastered by a gigantic figure. A few hours later, the crew rescues a nearly frozen and emaciated man named Victor Frankenstein. Frankenstein has been in pursuit of the gigantic man observed by Walton's crew. Frankenstein starts to recover from his exertion; he sees in Walton the same over-ambitiousness and recounts a story of his life's miseries to Walton as a warning.

Epistolary Form Frankenstein  An epistolary novel is a novel written as a series of documents. The usual form is letters, although diary entries, newspaper clippings and other documents are sometimes used.  Bram Stoker's Dracula (1897)  The Diary of Anne Frank (1947)  The Perks of Being a Wallflower (1999) by Stephen Chbosky  Diary of a Wimpy Kid (2007) by Jeff Kinney

Mary Shelley  Frankenstein

Manuscripts The manuscripts consist of the now disbounded pages from five notebooks once the property of Mary Shelley, purchased by the Bodleian Library, Oxford, in 2004, from her descendant, Lord Abinger.

Reviews  F rankenstein has been both well received and disregarded since its anonymous publication in  Despite some unfavorable reviews, Frankenstein achieved an almost immediate popular success.  In his 1981 non-fiction book Danse Macabre, author Stephen King considers Frankenstein's monster (along with Dracula and the Werewolf) to be an archetype of numerous horrific creations that followed in literature, film, and television, in a role he refers to as "The Thing Without A Name." He considers such contemporary creations as the 1951 film The Thing from Another World and The Incredible Hulk as examples of similar monstrosities that have followed in its wake.

A Shakespearian Tragedy If Frankenstein is "a Shakespearean tragedy" one could argue as to where the fatal flaw lies—is it in Victor's hubris (usurping a power that belongs only to God) or in his failure to take responsibility for his creation after endowing it with the life-spark?"

The Basics FULL TITLE · Frankenstein: or, The Modern Prometheus AUTHOR · Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley TYPE OF WORK · Novel GENRE · Gothic Science Fiction, Romanticism NARRATOR · The primary narrator is Robert Walton, who, in his letters, quotes Victor Frankenstein’s first-person narrative at length; Victor, in turn, quotes the monster’s first-person narrative; in addition, the lesser characters Elizabeth Lavenza and Alphonse Frankenstein narrate parts of the story through their letters to Victor.

What is gothic?  The Gothic novel took shape mostly in England from 1790 to 1830 and falls within the category of Romantic literature.

What is gothic?  The Gothic novel took shape mostly in England from 1790 to 1830 and falls within the category of Romantic literature.  The setting is greatly influential in Gothic novels. The abbey, castle, or landscape was something treasured and appreciated. Now, all that lasts is the decaying shell of a once thriving dwelling.

What is gothic?  The Gothic novel took shape mostly in England from 1790 to 1830 and falls within the category of Romantic literature.  The setting is greatly influential in Gothic novels. The abbey, castle, or landscape was something treasured and appreciated. Now, all that lasts is the decaying shell of a once thriving dwelling.  The Gothic hero becomes a sort of archetype. There is always the protagonist, usually isolated either voluntarily or involuntarily.

What is gothic?  The Gothic novel took shape mostly in England from 1790 to 1830 and falls within the category of Romantic literature.  The setting is greatly influential in Gothic novels. The abbey, castle, or landscape was something treasured and appreciated. Now, all that lasts is the decaying shell of a once thriving dwelling.  The Gothic hero becomes a sort of archetype as we find that there is a pattern to their characterization. There is always the protagonist, usually isolated either voluntarily or involuntarily.  Then there is the villain, who is the epitome of evil, either by his own fall from grace, or by some implicit incident.

What is gothic?  The Gothic novel took shape mostly in England from 1790 to 1830 and falls within the category of Romantic literature.  The setting is greatly influential in Gothic novels. The abbey, castle, or landscape was something treasured and appreciated. Now, all that lasts is the decaying shell of a once thriving dwelling.  The Gothic hero becomes a sort of archetype as we find that there is a pattern to their characterization. There is always the protagonist, usually isolated either voluntarily or involuntarily.  Then there is the villain, who is the epitome of evil, either by his (usually a man) own fall from grace, or by some implicit incident.  The Wanderer, found in many Gothic tales, is the epitome of isolation as he wanders the earth in perpetual exile, usually a form of divine punishment.

What is gothic?  The Gothic novel took shape mostly in England from 1790 to 1830 and falls within the category of Romantic literature.  The setting is greatly influential in Gothic novels. The abbey, castle, or landscape was something treasured and appreciated. Now, all that lasts is the decaying shell of a once thriving dwelling.  The Gothic hero becomes a sort of archetype as we find that there is a pattern to their characterization. There is always the protagonist, usually isolated either voluntarily or involuntarily.  Then there is the villain, who is the epitome of evil, either by his (usually a man) own fall from grace, or by some implicit incident.  The Wanderer, found in many Gothic tales, is the epitome of isolation as he wanders the earth in perpetual exile, usually a form of divine punishment.  In the end, the protagonist must be saved through a reunion with a loved one

What is Romanticim?  Romanticism (also the Romantic era or the Romantic period) was an artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe toward the end of the 18th century and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate period from 1800 to  Romantic artists:  Cultivate individualism  Revere the natural world, idealism,  Express physical and emotional passion,  Have an interest in the mystic and supernatural  Oppose order and rationality  Embrace freedom and revolution in their art and politics

Read Robert Walton’s Frame Letters for Monday Quiz to Start Quarter 2 on Monday  This Power Point  The Frame Letters of Robert Walton  Letters 1 – 4

Study Guide Questions  What are 3 characteristics of a gothic novel?  What are 3 charcateristics of romanticism in literature?  What are 3 biographical facts you know about Mary Shelley?  What is a frame story?  Why is Franenstein classified as the first science fiction?  What is epistolary literature and what are 2 examples?  Why is Robert Walton sailing his ship up north?  To whom does Robert Walton compose his letters?  How are Robert Walton and the man he encounters in the “north” similar or different?  What are 3 things we learn about Robert Walton?  In addition to having the man he encounters come aboard – whom else does Robert Walton see or encounter in the “great white north”?