Unit Two: Population Geo

Population Terms Demography: the study of population data Overpopulation: when resources cannot support the pop Density: how many per area

Tokyo: Overpopulated or Overcrowded?

Demography F Social, economic, or political characteristics

Population Growth 0 ~200 Million People Billion Bill Bill Bill Bill

World 7,005,691,234 11:42 UTC (EST+5) Apr 08, 2012 TOP TEN COUNTRIES WITH THE HIGHEST POPULATION #Country 2011 Population 2050 Expected Pop. 1China1,336,718,015 1,303,723,332 2India1,189,172,906 1,656,553,632 3United States313,232, ,010,253 4Indonesia245,613, ,020,847 5Brazil203,429, ,692,493 6Pakistan187,342, ,428,758 7Bangladesh158,570, ,587,279 8Nigeria155,215, ,262,405 9Russia138,739, ,187,353 10Japan126,475,664 93,673,826

Pop Distribution: Descriptions of locations where people live

Countries are displayed by size of population rather than land area. Countries named have at least 50 million people.

World Population Clusters 66% clustered in four regions: 1. East Asia 25% (China, Japan, S. Korea, Taiwan) 2. South Asia 20% (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh) 3.Europe (concentrated in cities) 4. North America (megalopolis of “Bowash”)

Ecumene: F portion of Earth’s surface inhabitable for people F We occupy less than 20% of Earth’s surface

Population Distribution F Densely populated regions –Low lands –Fertile soil –Temperate climate F Sparsely Populated Regions –dry lands –wet lands –high lands –cold lands

Density F Arithmetic Density F Physiological Density F Agricultural Density

Arithmetic Density: total # of people per land area

 Arithmetic Density: The total number of people / area of land measured in km² or mi²

Crude density, also called arithmetic density, is the total number of people divided by the total land area.

Physiological (Agricultural) Density: # of people per unit of arable land (suitable for agriculture )

Physiological Density: The number of people per unit of area of arable land

EGYPT Egypt’s arable lands are along the Nile River Valley. Moving away from the river a few blocks, the land becomes sandy and wind-sculpted. Arithmetic Density= 192 people/ sq.mi. Physiological Density= 6,682 people/sq. mi.

Egypt’s population distribution is closely linked to the proximity of water. In the north, the population clusters along the Mediterranean and in the interior, along the banks of the Nile River. (2004)

World Pop Growth: birth rate (b) − death rate (d) = rate of natural increase (r)

Population Characteristics Crude Birth Rate: # of births in a year per 1,000 people Crude Birth Rate = Births in a year 1000 people

Crude Birth Rate : The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people

Population Characteristics Crude Death Rate : # of deaths in a year per 1,000 people Crude Death Rate = Deaths in a year 1000 people

Crude Death Rate : The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.

Population Characteristics Natural Increase: % growth of pop in a year –DOEST NOT INCLUDE MIGRATION

Natural Increase: The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate.

Natural Increase F USA RNI: 0.6% F Nepal's RNI: 2.4% F Implication???

Population Characteristics Doubling Time: # of years to double… *rule of 70: Doubling = 70/x x = % change 10% change…doubling is 70/10= 7 years

Population Characteristics Total Fertility Rate (TFR): # of births per women of childbearing age TFR of 2.1 TFR of 2.1 = “ZPG” (zero pop growth) Infant Mortality Rate: # of deaths under age 1

Infant Mortality Rate: - the number of deaths of children under the age of 1

Population Characteristics Life Expectancy: # of years to live Life Expectancy at Birth (2003) Men Women US Japan Nepal Kenya France 76 83

F Life Expectancy : The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions.

A Population Bomb? Thomas Malthus ( ) - “father” of pop geo - stated pop grows faster than resources - lower CBR or global famine, war, disease

“Neo-Malthusians” 1.Pop “explosion” due to medical revolution 2.“stripping” world of resources F Paul Ehrlich (1960s) –warned of pop bomb in 1970s

“Cornucopians” Critics of Malthus: “Cornucopians” 1. cultural “possibilism” 2. Technology More people = more consumers, more creativity “Cornucopian” S-curve

DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION MODEL DTM: change in pop. due to industrialization; better economy = less kids! (designed for W. Europe)

DTM- Stage 1 F High CBR –Agricultural F High Death Rate –Epidemics F Stationary growth…no country today

DTM- Stage 2 F High Birth Rate F Declining Death Rate u agri. improvements u medicine F High growth F Today: poor undeveloped; Sub- Saharan African

DTM- Stage 3 F Declining Birth Rate –wealth –education; contraceptives F Low Death Rate F Slowing down F Today: Mexico, South Africa, China

DTM- Stage 4 F Low Birth Rate –women in workforce F Low Death Rate F Stationary Growth F highly industrialized: U.S., U.K., France

Stage 5??? Pop “Implosion”

Dependency Ratio: # of people non workers (aged 0-14 /65+) relative to workers (15-64).

Population Pyramids F “Age-Sex” F stage in DTM gives country’s pop structure

DevelopingDeveloping Developed (poor) (Mexico, Brazil China) (rich)

Rapid Growth F stage 2 of DTM F Large # of young, less older

Slow Growth F stage 4 of DTM F “Aging population” F less young

NO GROWTH F End of stage 4/stage 5

Pop Pyramids Of U.S. Cities

**How many points for essay?

Epidemiological Transition Model F Stages of the “medical revolution”

AIDS/HIV+

Pro-growth Policies F Communism –USSR –China: Mao Zedong (“every mouth to feed comes w/ 2 hands”) F Europe NOW –tax breaks, cash to have kids

Restrictive Policies “One-child” policy China: “One-child” policy - male preference for kids…many baby girls aborted or abandoned)

Solutions to Pop Growth F Empowerment of Women –Education –Changing cultural norms to value girls F Birth Control Policies