“Mountains of the Moon” Permanent snow capped peaks Located border of Uganda and Democratic Republic of Congo Cloud coverage at the tops of the mountains is created by moist air

Definition Steep cliff Usually line the coast line

Drakensberg Escarpment “ The Dragon Mountain” Located between Lesotho and South Africa Peak- 11,420 ft asl

2 nd highest mountain in Africa Located in Kenya Peak 17,057 ft asl Runoff from Mount Kenya provides water and electricity for over 2 million people Inactive Volcano

“White Mountain” Highest peak in Africa Highest freestanding mountain in the world 19,341 ft asl Inactive Volcano Located in Tanzania

Continuous trench 3,700 miles long Extends from Mozambique (Africa) to Syria (Southwest Asia) Created by shifting and spreading plates (earthquakes common)

Africa’s largest lake 3 rd largest freshwater lake in world Located Tanzania, Uganda, Kenya Feeds the White Nile River Pollution caused from discharge of raw sewage, industrial waste, and farm fertilizers

“Large expanse of water” Located Chad, Niger, Nigeria, Cameroon Provides water to more than 20 million people “Shrinking lake” labeled a ecological catastrophe Drought, Landlocked, Population increases

Ghana’s Lake Provides hydroelectricity to Ghana Largest man-made lake (reservoir) in world Supplies irrigation and fish

“Great River” 3 rd longest river in Africa Empties into the Atlantic Ocean- Niger Delta

Zambezi River 4 th largest river in Africa Mouth- Zambezi Delta at the Indian Ocean Large populations of hippos and crocodiles

Victoria Falls Located on the Zambezi River on the border of Zimbabwe and Zambia 360 foot drop Located on a plateau

2 nd longest river in Africa- 2,922 miles Flows through the 2 nd largest rainforest in the world Provides transportation for the lands without roads

River is a natural boundary between South Africa & Namibia and South Africa & Lesotho Provides hydroelectricity and irrigation for South Africa

Agriculture ¾ of African Farmers practice Subsistence Agriculture Large farms grow Cash Crops- coffee, cocoa, cotton, rubber Cash Crops used for exports so if there is a bad harvest there is no food to feed the citizens 70% employment Produce less today, despite population tripling in size. Due to drought and bad soil conditions.

Nigeria has the largest reserves of petroleum Employs ~2 million people Profits go to large corporations or governments Natural Resources have been detrimental to economies –Example- Congo has a vast amount of resources but it is one of the poorest countries in the world. (LEDC)

Botswana- largest producers of diamonds in the world USA- largest consumers of diamonds in the world 20% of diamonds are sold illegally South Africa has ½ the worlds gold

Sahel and Horn of Africa- Yellow Tropical Savannah- Light Green Tropical Rainforest- Dark Green Mediterranean- Olive Arid- Orange

Tropical Rain Forest The majority of Africa lies between 23 ½ North and South Covers 3.6 million square miles Average rainfall- 60 inches/year Agriculture- coffee, bananas, pineapples, cocoa, tea Cash Crops for exports- palm trees, rubber, timber Rainforest is threatened by logging, deforestation and population growth

Tropical Savanna (Grasslands) Covers 50% of the continent Rainfall inches/year Serengeti National Park located in the Savanna

Serengeti National Park “Endless Plain” 5700 square miles Located on the Tanzania/Kenya border Human are forbid to live in park Top 6 hunted animals located here –Lion, Leopard, Elephant, Black Rhino, African Buffalo, Cheetah

Steppe “Southern Coast of the Sahara” Rainfall 4-8 inches/year Natural boundary between North Africa and Sub-Sahara Africa Desertification- productive land turns into desert or arid land following the destruction of vegetation Sahel- “shore” or “edge”

Arid Rainfall- less than 10 inches/year Average Temperature degrees F Three major deserts in Sub Sahara Africa –Namib Desert- Located in Namibia –Nubian Desert- Located in Sudan –Kalahari Desert- Located in Namibia, Botswana, and South Africa

Population 1 billion people Highest death and birth rates in world 34 of the 53 countries are the world’s least developed Infant Mortality Rate- 190deaths /1000 live births Most Populated Country- Nigeria- 148 million people

Healthcare 25% of Africans have proper sanitation #1 killer- Malaria- mosquito born infectious disease –85-90% of deaths occur –Children and Pregnant women most vulnerable #2 killer-AIDS

AIDS 60% of worlds AIDS population in Sub Africa Caused most countries Life Expectancies to decline 12 million children orphaned from AIDS Southern Africa most affected- 6 out of 11 countries 20% of population infected –Swaziland- 50% of population in 20’s are infected

Muslim- Green Christian- Red