People and the Planet- Topic How and why is population changing in different parts of the world? 1.1a) The world’s population was increasing exponentially but future growth rates are uncertain

In Spring 2000 world population estimates reached 6 billion; that is 6 thousand million. The distribution of the earth's population is shown in this map. India, China and Japan appear large on the map because they have large populations. Panama, Namibia and Guinea-Bissau have small populations so are barely visible on the map. Population is very weakly related to land area. However, Sudan which is geographically the largest country in Africa, has a smaller population than Nigeria, Egypt, Ethiopia, Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa and Tanzania.

But what is the population of the world? Write down your estimate at the back of your exercise books Here’s the answer This slide was made on 10th August 2010 the population wasThis slide was made on 10th August 2010 the population was 6, 838,541,720 Let’s see what it is now!?6, 838,541,720

Describe how the world’s population changed between 1750 and 2000 (2) How does the graph predict population will change in the future? (1) Why? (1) at what rate? (1)

How has global population changed in the past? The world did not get it’s billionth person till 1804, then it took a further 123 to reach the second billion (2 billion) In 1960 there were 3 billion people on Earth and by today that number has more than doubled to over 6.7 billion As time goes on the population is growing faster and faster this is known as EXPONENTIAL growth Some people feel this growth is too fast and that we cannot feed, find shelter or provide the wanted resources for this increasing number of people- many believe we need to try and reduce numbers so that the world doesn’t become OVERPOPULATED (have to many people) From the graph on the previous slide and the table on page 140 of text book we can see how population has changed. It has increased from ½ billion in 1500 to 6 billion in In 2008 it was 6.7 billion!

What factors influence population change? BIRTHS IMMIGRANTS DEATHS EMMIGRANTS In terms of population what do you think the bath and sink represent? Why is there a bath and sink?

What factors influence population change? BIRTHS IMMIGRANTS DEATHS EMMIGRANTS IMMIGRANTS BIRTHS DEATHS EMMIGRANTS

Future growth is uncertain! As counting every single person in every single country of the world would be a very hard, if not impossible task- predictions for future growth vary a great deal, some predict 50 billion by 2050, if the growth continues as it has in the past, others think it will peak around 10 billion and then begin to drop around the truth is nobody can be sure! Read pages 140 and 141 of the text book 1)Why do you think it is so hard to count all the people of the world? 2)What is meant by an EXPANDING population? 3)Why are people in HIC countries having fewer babies? 4)Why do you think LIC countries now account for nearly all population growth? 5)What problems do you think overpopulation would cause? Think back to the bath/ sink?

Overpopulation issues? BIRTHS IMMIGRANTS DEATHS EMMIGRANTS IMMIGRANTS BIRTHS DEATHS EMMIGRANTS What happens if the bath/ sink gets full? Which can take the largest population? Why? What if someone pulls out the plug? OVERPOPULATION =TOO MANY PEOPLE

Add detail to these images to show how they can be used to show populations of countries

So are there too many people? So what if there are? Watch this video and see what it says about population growthvideo

What are all the definitions regarding population dynamics? Task- In your envelope are some cards, match up the correct word to its accurate definition then stick into your books. These are very important terms to learn!

Measuring population changes The population of every country everywhere is constantly changing. In some countries the population is growing (population increase), in some staying stable (population balance) and in some declining (population decrease) The change in a population of a country is the difference between the number of babies born and the number of people who die- this difference is called NATURAL INCREASE Let’s look at some example countries Uganda Poland and Japan

Location UgandaPolandJapan Birth rate Death rate Natural increase Comments Read page 142 add notes on each of the 3 countries to a version of this copied into your book

Why the difference? Some of the reasons why population changes vary greatly between countries are:- Level of development in the county Cultural attitudes towards children Religious views Government policies Level of and access to healthcare Literacy rates and level of education

Why has population been increasing? Mainly due to a decline in death rates and infant mortality rates: WHY Death rates have declined and LIFE EXPECTANCY increased? Introduction of vaccination and immunisation programmes an e.g. polio and measles vaccination that helps people to live longer. Cleaner drinking water and better sewage disposal, a lot more people have access to safe water than before so people will not catch diseases like cholera. Better healthcare – more doctors, nurses and hospitals, means that people can be treated and not die. More hygienic housing so fewer diseases like TB are transmitted. Better diets means people are healthier. Education about both diseases and healthy eating e.g. promoting eating ‘5 fruit and vegetables a day.

Changes in a countryPossible results on Birth and/ or death rates Everyone gets better food to eat A terrible war breaks out A deadly disease spreads There is a severe famine More hospitals and doctors are provided. Birth control pills are provided More and more women get good jobs How changes in a country affect birth and death rates

Country by birth rate list of country by birth rate Task Describe the distribution of high (over 15) and low (under 15) birth rates across the world. is there a pattern? Why?

Country by death rate list Task Describe the distribution of high (over 15) and low (under 15) death rates across the world. is there a pattern? Why?

The Demographic Transition model The DTM shows the birth rate, death rate and total population against time. The model was based on British data and it has now been applied to different countries all over the world. It helps to predict how developed a country will be as it moves through the 5 different stages. There are numerous reasons for the birth and death rate to fall, e.g. better health care, better education of women, etc.

The Demographic Transition Model animated model- no sound!

Stage 1: High fluctuating- few remote groups, probably Somalia - High birth rate due to no birth control and high infant mortality - High death rate due to disease and famine Stage 2: Early expanding eg Yemen - High birth rate - Falling death rates due to improved health care and nutrition Stage 3: late expanding eg China - Falling birth rates due to birth control and wanting smaller families - Falling death rates Stage 4: low fluctuating eg Poland - Low birth and death rates due to working women delaying the age to start their families Stage 5: Decline eg Germany, Japan –Death rate higher than birth rate due to a ‘grey’ population

Few remote groupsYemenChinaPolandJapan

The demographic transition model- task Complete the worksheet on the DTM

Use’s and limitations of model

What is the population of the world now? By how many do you think the population of the world has increased during this lesson? Here’s the answer