 The study of how populations grow over time: The roles of natural increase and net migration; How population growth is related to concepts of overpopulation and underpopulation; Global contrasts in population growth; How the rate of growth is changing over time.

THIS GRAPH SHOWS THE PATTERN OF ACCELERATING GROWTH.  At present, the world's population is growing fast - though this has not always been the case.

4600 m.y.a 5 m.y.a 100,000 years ago 10,000 years ago Earth Formed First Hominids Homo Sapiens: 125,000 people Neolithic revolution – Farming begins: 5 million people. Most significant event – we start to alter the environment: growth 0.1% per annum BC 30 million people million at time of Christ. Rome 1 million inhabitants – not seen again until 19C London/Paris million 1830 Doubled to 1 billion 1960 – 3 billion 1999 – 6 billion Took entire evolution of man to 1960 to make 3 billion - but less than 40 years to make 6 billion!6 billion

1.How many people per day are added to the world’s population? 2.What is the global population growth rate? 3.What is the current world population? 4.How long will it take to reach 10 billion? 5.For a population to remain stable each woman needs to have 2.1 babies during her lifetime. a)What is the average in Japan? b)What will potentially happen to the Japanese population by 3000? c)How many countries in the world are there with a negative or zero population growth rate? 6.What percentage of world population growth is in LEDCs? 7.What is projected to happen to the population of Europe by 2050? 8.What is projected to happen to the population of Africa by 2050? 9.What is the growth rate and current population for the UK? 1.How many people per day are added to the world’s population? 2.What is the global population growth rate? 3.What is the current world population? 4.How long will it take to reach 10 billion? 5.For a population to remain stable each woman needs to have 2.1 babies during her lifetime. a)What is the average in Japan? b)What will potentially happen to the Japanese population by 3000? c)How many countries in the world are there with a negative or zero population growth rate? 6.What percentage of world population growth is in LEDCs? 7.What is projected to happen to the population of Europe by 2050? 8.What is projected to happen to the population of Africa by 2050? 9.What is the growth rate and current population for the UK?

 The population of any place changes over time. There are three main causes of population change: (Crude) Birth Rate - number of live births per 1000 of the population in any given year. (Crude) Death Rate - number of deaths per 1000 of the population in any given year. Migration - the movement of people in and out of an area.  Rate of change - The difference between the birth rate and the death rate of a country or place is called the natural increase, this is calculated by subtracting the death rate per 1000 population from the birth rate per 1000 population: natural increase = birth rate - death rate NB The growth rate of a population (PGR) is given as a percentage.

Natural Growth vs Overall Growth OVERALL GROWTH ALSO INCLUDES MIGRATION  The rate of national growth is expressed as a percentage for each country, commonly between about 0.1% and 3% annually.  Most European countries have low growth rates. In the United Kingdom, the rate is 0.54%, in Germany it's -0.18%, and in France, 0.45%. (CIA 2014)  Many Asian and African countries have high growth rates. Burundi has a current growth rate of 3.28%.  Increased population growth generally represents problems for a country – why? NATURAL GROWTH = DIFFERENCE BETWEEN B.R. AND D.R.

3.24% UGANDA 2.72% YEMEN 1.49% PAKISTAN 2.23% IRAQ 1.25% INDIA 0.8% BRAZIL 0.81% SPAIN 1.2% IRELAND -0.48% SOUTH AFRICA 0.79% SWEDEN 1.47% MALAYSIA

A.Describe the growth in total world population from 1750 to 2000 and the projected growth to B.How has population growth differed between the LEDCs and the MEDCs? C.Explain the rapid increase in growth in LEDCs from about D.The graph shows that population in MEDCs will begin to decline in the coming decade. Suggest reasons for this. E.What could happen in order for the UN to revise the population projection to 2050?

Skills Activity – Choropleth Maps The map above is an example of a choropleth map. Choropleths are density maps where areas are shaded to represent the average number per unit area. In this example it is population growth rates as a percentage for each country in the world.

HOW TO PRODUCE A CHOROPLETH MAP First of all you need to collect your data. There are loads of sites on the internet that can give you population growth statistics – just be careful that you go to a reliable site e.g. The United Nations or CIA. Also be aware of what the figures are actually showing i.e. Is it actual growth rate for a particular country for a particular year, or is it a prediction? Once you have your data you can choose the interval to use when shading your map. Try not to make the intervals too complicated – for PGR it is easy to set the divisions e.g. ‹0, 0-1, 2, 3 etc. Next up assign shading or a colour to each interval. Again simplicity is key PLUS you need to show a progression e.g. Light to dark or lines become closer together. Remember your map will need a title and key. Disadvantages: It treats each area as a whole and so hides variations within the area. Scale is important – the smaller the scale the more accurate the choropleth map.

 Time for the analysis!! Use the questions below to help you identify patterns: 1. According to the map key, what colour represents countries with lower population growth rates? Where do these countries tend to be located? 2. What colour represents countries with higher population growth rates? Where do these countries tend to be located? 3. Which continent has the largest number of countries with a high PGR? What assumptions might you make about living conditions there? 4. Name and locate on the map three countries with population growth rates of more than 3%, three with rates of 2 to 3% and three with rates of less than 1%. To what extent are these countries typical of other countries in their regions?