Diseases and Disorders Reproductive System

Cryptochordism Undescended testicle – occurs when one or both testicles fail to move into the scrotum before birth. Usually no symptoms, except that the testicle cannot be found in the scrotum Adult males with an undescended testicle may have problems with infertility

Epididymitis Inflammation of epididymis Pain and swelling are the most common signs and symptoms Most common in men between the ages of 20 and 39. Most often caused by a bacterial infection or by a sexually transmitted disease (STD), such as gonorrhea or chlamydia. In some cases, the testicle also may become inflamed — a condition called epididymo-orchitis.

Orchitis Inflammation of one or both testicles, most commonly associated with the virus that causes mumps. At least one-third of males who contract mumps after puberty develop orchitis Symptoms: – Pain ranging from mild to severe – Tenderness in one or both testicles, which may last for weeks – Nausea – Fever – Discharge from penis – Blood in the ejaculate

Prostatic cancer Most common types of cancer in men. Grows slowly and initially remains confined to the prostate gland, where it may not cause serious harm. other types are aggressive and can spread quickly. Symptoms: Trouble urinating Decreased force of urine stream Uremia Blood in semen Swelling in legs Discomfort in the pelvic area Bone pain

Testicular cancer Most common cancer in American males between the ages of 15 and 34. highly treatable, even when cancer has spread beyond the testicle. Signs and symptoms : A lump or enlargement in either testicle A feeling of heaviness in the scrotum A dull ache in the abdomen or groin A sudden collection of fluid in the scrotum Pain or discomfort in a testicle or the scrotum Enlargement or tenderness of the breasts Unexplained fatigue or a general feeling of not being well Cancer usually affects only one testicle.

Breast tumors- Fibroadenomas Solid, noncancerous tumors that often occur in women during their reproductive years. more common among women in their 20s and 30s. solid breast lumps or masses that usually are: Round with distinct borders Easily moved Firm or rubbery Painless

Breast Cancer Cancer that forms in the cells of the breasts. can occur in both men and women, but it's far more common in women Signs and symptoms of breast cancer may include: A breast lump or thickening that feels different from the surrounding tissue Bloody discharge from the nipple Change in the size or shape of a breast Changes to the skin over the breast, such as dimpling Inverted nipple Peeling or flaking of the nipple skin Redness or pitting of the skin over your breast, like the skin of an orange

Cervical cancer one of the most common cancers that affect a woman's reproductive organs. Various strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV), play a role in causing most cases of cervical cancer. most often in women over age 30. symptoms: Vaginal bleeding after intercourse, between periods or after menopause Watery, bloody vaginal discharge that may be heavy and have a foul odor Pelvic pain or pain during intercourse

Uterine Cancer/ Endometrial Cancer begins in the layer of cells that form the endometrium often detected at an early stage because it frequently produces abnormal vaginal bleeding if discovered early, removing the uterus surgically often eliminates all of the cancer.

Ovarian Cancer often goes undetected until it has spread within the pelvis and abdomen. Mimics many other more-common conditions, including digestive and bladder problems Abdominal pressure, fullness, swelling or bloating Pelvic discomfort or pain Persistent indigestion, gas or nausea Changes in bowel habits, such as constipation Changes in bladder habits, including a frequent need to urinate Loss of appetite or quickly feeling full Increased abdominal girth or clothes fitting tighter around your waist A persistent lack of energy Low back pain

Endometriosis painful disorder in which tissue that normally lines the inside of the uterus grows outside the uterus Painful periods (dysmenorrhea) Pain with intercourse Pain with bowel movements or urination Excessive bleeding-menorrhagia or menometrorrhagia Infertility may also experience fatigue, diarrhea, constipation, bloating or nausea, especially during menstrual periods

Pelvic inflammatory disease usually occurs when sexually transmitted bacteria spread from the vagina to the uterus and upper genital tract. signs and symptoms of pelvic inflammatory disease may include: Pain in your lower abdomen and pelvis Heavy vaginal discharge with an unpleasant odor Irregular menstrual bleeding Pain during intercourse Low back pain Fever, fatigue, diarrhea or vomiting Painful or difficult urination

Chlamydia a bacterial infection of the genital tract that spreads easily through sexual contact. one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases in the United States. Signs and symptoms include: Painful urination Lower abdominal pain Vaginal discharge in women Discharge from the penis in men Painful sexual intercourse in women Testicular pain in men

Gonorrhea an infection caused by a sexually transmitted bacterium that can infect both males and females. most often affects the cervix, urethra, rectum or throat. Signs and symptoms of gonorrhea in men include: Painful urination Pus-like discharge from the tip of the penis Pain or swelling in one testicle Signs and symptoms of gonorrhea infection in women include: Increased vaginal discharge Painful urination Vaginal bleeding between periods, such as after vaginal intercourse Abdominal pain Pelvic pain

Herpes A common sexually transmitted disease that affects both men and women. Symptoms include pain, itching and sores in the genital area. The cause is a type of herpes simplex virus (HSV), which enters the body through small breaks in the skin or mucous membranes.

Syphilis A bacterial infection usually spread by sexual contact. starts as a painless sore — typically on the genitals, rectum or mouth. spreads from person to person via skin or mucous membrane contact with these sores. Primary syphilis -The first sign of syphilis is a small sore, called a chancre Secondary syphilis -a rash that begins on the trunk but eventually covers the entire body Latent syphilis-no symptoms. Tertiary or late-irreversible nerve damage

Gestational Diabetes develops during pregnancy gestational diabetes doesn't cause noticeable signs or symptoms. Rarely, gestational diabetes may cause excessive thirst or increased urination

Pre-Eclampsia High blood pressure and excess protein in the urine after 20 weeks of pregnancy 140/90 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) or greater Severe headaches Changes in vision, including temporary loss of vision, blurred vision or light sensitivity Upper abdominal pain, usually under the ribs on the right side Nausea or vomiting Dizziness Decreased urine output Sudden weight gain, typically more than 2 pounds (.9 kilograms) a week

Placental Abruption occurs when the placenta peels away from the inner wall of the uterus before birth. can deprive the baby of oxygen and nutrients and cause heavy bleeding in the mother. left untreated, it puts both mother and baby in jeopardy. can begin anytime after 20 weeks of pregnancy. Classic signs and symptoms include: Vaginal bleeding Abdominal pain Back pain Uterine tenderness Rapid uterine contractions, often coming one right after another

Placenta Previa An uncommon pregnancy complication that can cause excessive bleeding before or during delivery Painless, bright red vaginal bleeding in the second half of pregnancy