Bellringer What is the function of the digestive system? Name as many organs of the digestive system as you can.

Digestive System Jackilyn Byrd, RN, BSN

Gastrointestinal System GI= gastrointestinal Group of organs that work together to turn food into energy

Functions: Ingestion Secretion Mixing & Movement Digestion Absorption Excretion

Functions: Breaking it down Ingestion Get food in through the mouth Secretion In one day, 7 L of fluid Saliva, bile, mucus, hydrochloric acid, enzymes

Functions: Breaking it down Mixing & Movement Swallowing Peristalsis Digestion Process of breaking the food down into chemical components Chewing enzymes

Functions: Breaking it down Absorption Stomach, small & large intestine Body absorbs the broken down food Excretion Defecation removes unusable products so it won’t accumulate in your guts

The Organs & Path of Digestion

The Mouth 32 teeth chomp and chew and grind the food down (physical breakdown) Salivary glands produce spit that moisten the food for easy swallowing Tongue= taste buds and helps push the food to the back of the mouth

Pharynx & Esophagus Pharynx= throat Epiglottis=flap to change from windpipe to food pipe Esophagus Tube that carries food from mouth down to stomach

The Stomach Muscular sac About the size of two closed fists Storage tank Hydrochloric acid & enzymes continue digestion here

Small intestine 1” diameter 10’-20’ long 90% of absorption takes place here

Liver & Gallbladder Liver Weighs about 3# Produces bile to emulsify fats Secretes bile into small intestine Gallbladder Store and recycle excess bile to be used late

Pancreas 6” long Lumpy snake Secretes digestive juices to complete chemical digestion

Large Intestine 2.5” diameter 5’ long Absorbs water Helps break down waste products for excretion

Anus Fecal material Final waste product is expelled

Diseases and Abnormalities

Cholecystitis Bile becomes trapped in gallbladder (stones?) Blockage causes inflammation and pain s/s: sharp, cramping pain (burning), clay colored stools, N/V Tx: antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, low fat diet. If necessary, removal of gall bladder

Cirrhosis Healthy tissue replaced with scar tissue Will eventually cause back up of toxins in body Causes: Hep C, long term alcohol abuse, CHF S/S: loss of appetite, dec energy, jaundice, bruising, light color stools Tx:

Hernia Rupture….an internal organ pushes through weakened area Stomach/intestines protrudes into chest/abdominal cavity S/S: heartburn, pain, distension, constipation Tx: bland diet, small frequent meals, surgical repair

Hernia