MAKE UP ASSIGNMENT POLICIES  You will have the number of days absent plus one to make up any work missed because of illness.  Lab make-up will be held during tutorials and if necessary, by appointment before and/or after school  Make up exams and quizzes will be given by appointment only. Within 5 days of an absence.  Retakes/Reassessments will be done during a 10 day window from the due date or the date of feedback.

MAKE UP ASSIGNMENT POLICIES  If the assigned work was due on the day you were absent, I expect it the day you return. Any major work that was assigned prior to the absence is due on the due date.  If you miss class because of band, football, choir, basketball, baseball, golf, tennis, volleyball, theatre arts, orchestra, or any other extracurricular activity, you must turn in your work before you leave.  If you miss class because of band, football, choir, basketball, baseball, golf, tennis, volleyball, theatre arts, orchestra, or any other extracurricular activity, you must turn in your work before you leave

LATE WORK & HOMEWORK AND DAILY QUIZZES  Turning in assignments in a timely manner is important for student success. All assignments are expected on the day they are due.  Homework will be assigned and graded at the teacher’s discretion.  However, there will be a quiz the first minutes the following class period.  Expect a quiz everyday covering the material from previous class

Classroom procedures and policies  · Class participation is instrumental for success. Plan to be active in class discussions.  · Copying, borrowing, looking at another student’s test, quiz or homework assignment is cheating. Cheating will be handled according to the district’s academic integrity policy and will be strictly enforced.  · Tardies to class will be handled according to school policy. All district guidelines found in the Student Code of Conduct will be observed.  o 1st Tardy = warning, 2nd Tardy = 30 min teacher detention, 3rd Tardy = 30 min teacher detention and parent notification, 4th Tardy = principal referral

11 Lesson 1: Heart Anatomy and the Function of the Cardiovascular System Lesson 2: Regulation of the Heart Lesson 3: Blood Vessels and Circulation Lesson 4: Heart Disease The Cardiovascular System

Lesson 1 Heart Anatomy and the Function of the Cardiovascular System Chapter 11: The Cardiovascular System

Anatomy and the Function of the Cardiovascular System  the heart: location and size  the four chambers of the heart  the heart valves  blood flow through the heart  walls of the heart  cardiac cycle  cardiac output

The Heart: Location and Size  thoracic cavity  above diaphragm  between lungs  size of a clenched fist  weighs 8 – 12 ounces

The Heart: Location and Size

The Four Chambers of the Heart  right atrium  right ventricle  left atrium  left ventricle

The Heart Valves  atrioventricular (AV) valves  tricuspid  bicuspid (mitral)  semilunar valves  pulmonary  aortic

Review and Assessment Match these words with 1 – 4 below: tricuspid, thoracic cavity, ventricle, aortic. 1. atrioventricular valve 2. semilunar valve 3. location of heart 4. heart chamber

Welcome to class  video video

OBJECTIVES  I will be able to describe the function of the cardiovascular system.  I will be able to describe the location, size, and structures of the heart.  I will be able to trace the path of blood through the heart.

You’ve been Frizzled!  Attention Red Blood cells (I’m talking about YOU!)  Surprise for today you are doing a walkthrough of the heart  We’re going to walk to the lab and we want each student to sit at their numbered spot with their partners  At each lab station will be an index card with a name of a part of the heart, a tidbit of information.

Quick Preview video

 Each station is labeled  You will have about 2 minutes per station follow the instructions at each station making sure that you fill out your worksheet and label your heart on the back of your worksheet.  Don’t worry if you don’t get all of the clues we will go over all of this when we get back to the classroom. You will have a ball that is red or ball that is blue (depending on if the blood is oxygenated or deoxygenated)

A quick heart to heart  Click here Click here

Blood Flow through the Heart  (1) deoxygenated blood flows from the body to the inferior and superior vena cavae to right atrium  (2) right atrium contracts, forcing blood through the tricuspid valve to right ventricle  (3) right ventricle contracts, forcing blood through the pulmonary valve, to the pulmonary artery  (4) blood exits to the lungs

Blood Flow through the Heart (continued)  (5) oxygenated blood from lungs travels through the pulmonary veins to the left atrium  (6) left atrium contracts, forcing blood through the mitral valve to the left ventricle  (7) left ventricle contracts, forcing blood through the aortic valve  (8) blood passes to the aorta  (9) blood travels out to parts of the body

Blood Flow through the Heart

Walls of the Heart  epicardium  outermost layer  myocardium  middle layer  endocardium  inner layer

Cardiac Cycle  diastole  ventricle relax, atria contract  systole  ventricles contract, atria relax  mean arterial pressure  overall pressure within cardiovascular system

Cardiac Output  amount of blood pumped by heart in 1 minute measured in liters/minute  stroke volume  amount of blood pumped in 1 beat  heart rate  number of beats per minute

Review and Assessment True or False? 1. The ventricles contract in diastole. 2. Stroke volume is measured in beats/minute. 3. The epicardium is the inner heart layer. 4. Deoxygenated blood enters the left atrium. 5. The aortic valve is in the left ventricle.

Lesson 2 Regulation of the Heart Chapter 11: The Cardiovascular System

Regulation of the Heart  internal control of the heart  external control  the conduction system

Internal Control of the Heart  sinoatrial node  pacemaker  sends electrical impulse  tells heart to beat 60–100 bpm

External Control of the Heart  the cardiac center  sympathetic nerve system speeds up  parasympathetic nerve system slows down  the endocrine system  some hormones speed up

The Conduction System  SA node  AV node  bundle of His  bundle branches–right and left  Purkinje fibers

Electrocardiogram  ECG or EKG  electrical activity of the heart  depolarize – contract  repolarize – relax

Cardiac Arrhythmias  normal contractility condition  sinus rhythm  abnormal contractility condition  arrhythmia  ventricle or atria contraction is not normal

Cardiac Arrhythmias  bradycardia  slow heart beat  tachycardia  fast heart beat  premature atrial contraction (PACs)  atria contracts before SA node

Cardiac Arrhythmias  atrial fibrillation  atria contract faster than 350 bpm  premature ventricular contractions (PVCs)  ventricles contract too soon  ventricular tachycardia (VT)  ventricles, rather than SA node, cause beat

Cardiac Arrhythmias  ventricular fibrillation (VF)  ventricles contract faster than 350 bpm  heart block  impulse from SA node to AV node  first – impulse delayed  second – intermittently blocked  third – completely blocked

Defibrillators and Life- Threatening Arrhythmias  automatic external defibrillator (AED)  electric shock  stops heart  allows heart to start normal rhythm  anyone can use one

Review and Assessment Match these words with 1 – 4 below: parasympathetic, EKG, SA node, sympathetic. 1. speed up 2. slow down 3. pacemaker 4. electrical activity of the heart

Review and Assessment Fill in the blanks with: Tachycardia, Atrial fibrillation, Bradycardia, or Defibrillator. 1. _______________ is fast heart beat. 2. _______________ is slow heart beat. 3. _______________ is atria beating more than 350 bpm. 4. A(n) _______________ stops the heart so it can reset.

11.2 quiz  Fill in the blanks with: Tachycardia, Atrial fibrillation, Bradycardia, Defibrillator. Parasympathetic, EKG, SA node, or sympathetic,  1. If a lion walks in the room this and it causes your heart to speed up this is a ____________ response  2. pacemaker of the heart is the _____________  3. ______________ is fast heart beat.  4. ______________ is slow heart beat.

Lesson 3 Blood Vessels and Circulation Chapter 11: The Cardiovascular System

Blood Vessels and Circulation  blood vessels: the transport network  circulation: moving blood around the body  taking vital signs  know your numbers

Blood Vessels: The Transport Network  structure and function of vessels

The Three Layers of Blood Vessels  tunica intima  innermost layer  tunica media  middle layer  tunica externa  outermost layer

Differences between Arteries and Veins

Capillaries  exchange vessels  gas moves between tissue and blood  capillary bed  network of exchange vessels  precapillary sphincters  close off capillary bed as needed

Circulation: Moving Blood around the Body  cardiopulmonary circulation  between heart and lungs  systemic circulation  between heart and body

Circulation: Moving Blood around the Body

Review and Assessment True or False? 1. Systemic circulation moves blood to lungs. 2. Capillaries are exchange vessels. 3. The tunica intima is the innermost layer. 4. Arteries move blood away from the heart. 5. Veins move blood toward the heart.

Cardiac Circulation  coronary arteries  left  right  coronary sinus

Hepatic Portal Circulation  maintains proper levels in the blood  carbohydrate  fat  protein

Arteries

Veins

Fetal Circulation  placenta  vena cava  right atrium  foramen ovale  right ventricle  ductus arteriosus

Taking Vital Signs  taking your pulse  find radial, carotid or brachial artery  count beats for 15 seconds, multiply by 4  measuring blood pressure  stethoscope, sphygmomanometer  systolic/diastolic pressure Joseph Dilag/Shutterstock.com, Ilya Andriyanov/Shutterstock.com

Know Your Numbers  weight  body mass index – weight to height  blood pressure  systolic/diastolic – 110/70 mmHg  cholesterol  LDLs and HDLs

Review and Assessment Match these words with 1 – 4 below: foramen ovule, cholesterol, pulse, blood pressure. 1. systolic/diastolic 2. fetal circulation 3. LDLs and HDLs 4. carotid artery

4 corners  The corners are labeled ABCD pick one. You know how this works

The heart is located in the _____ cavity under the sternum.  A. abdominal  B. interatrial  C. thoracic  D. abdominopelvic

The heart is located in the _____ cavity under the sternum.  A. abdominal  B. interatrial  C. thoracic  D. abdominopelvic

Which of the following valves allow blood to flow from the atria into the ventricles?  A. the interatrial valves  B. the semilunar valves  C. the atrioventricular valves  D. the chordae valves

Which of the following valves allow blood to flow from the atria into the ventricles?  A. the interatrial valves  B. the semilunar valves  C. the atrioventricular valves  D. the chordae valves

One control mechanism of the heart, called the pacemaker, is also known as the _____.  A. sinoatrial node  B. autonomic node  C. sympathetic node  D. atrioventricular node

_____ are called exchange vessels because gas exchange occurs between them and the tissues.  A. Venules  B. Arteries  C. Capillaries  D. Arterioles

_____ are called exchange vessels because gas exchange occurs between them and the tissues.  A. Venules  B. Arteries  C. Capillaries  D. Arterioles

Introduction  In this activity you will learn about all the parts of your circulatory system and what they do. Let's start by building a model that can serve as your guide to the parts of the circulatory system and how they fit together.  Materials  Paper cups (4)  Straw  Glue  Paper towels  Colored pencils, pens, or paint (blue and red)  Tape  Balloon (white)  Colored thread (blue and red)  Lima beans (3 or 4)  Scissors  Ruler

procedure  First, you are going to build a model heart. The heart is two pumps side by side. Each pump has two chambers. In both pumps, blood enters the upper chamber and leaves the lower chamber. So you will have four blood vessels attached to your heart model. Now follow Steps as you build your model heart.  Use a pencil to carefully make a hole in each cup. You will place straws in the holes in the heart model. The straws will represent blood vessels.  Step 1 Place the open ends of two paper cups together. Secure the cups together with tape. Do the same thing with the other two cups.  Step 2 Stand the two sets of cups side by side. Each cup represents a heart chamber.  Step 3 Carefully poke a hole in the side of each cup as shown First, you are going to build a model heart. The heart is two pumps side by side. Each pump has two chambers. In both pumps, blood enters the upper chamber and leaves the lower chamber. So you will have four blood vessels attached to your heart model. Now follow Steps 1 through 6 as you build your model heart. Use a pencil to carefully make a hole in each cup. You will place straws in the holes in the heart model. The straws will represent blood vessels. Step 1 Place the open ends of two paper cups together. Secure the cups together with tape. Do the same thing with the other two cups. Step 2 Stand the two sets of cups side by side. Each cup represents a heart chamber.

 Step 4 Cut a straw into four equal pieces. Color or paint two of the pieces blue and the other two pieces red, (You'll find out what the colors mean later.)  Step 5 Insert and glue one of the blue straws into opening B. Insert and glue a red straw into opening C.  Step 6 Stick 6 strands of blue string into the open end of the blue straw attached to the cups. Stick 6 strands of red string into the open end of the red straw attached to the cups. The straws and string represent blood vessels corning to and leaving the heart

 Now you have two halves of what will be your model of the heart.  The straws and string represent the system of blood vessels through which the heart pumps blood. Remember that this model resembles a figure eight rather than a simple circle.  Half of the figure eight is the lung circuit where blood picks up oxygen. The other half of the figure eight is the body circuit where blood gives oxygen to all the cells of the body.  Now you know the significance of the blue and red colors. Blue represents vessels carrying blood after it gives oxygen to cells.  Red represents vessels carrying blood with a full load of oxygen. You can use this information in completing the following steps to finish your model

 Step 7 Take your red solo cup. This is your lungs  Step 8 Glue blue and red threads on the surface of the lungs, or use pens to draw blue and red lines. The threads (or colored lines) represent the tiniest blood vessels where the blood picks up oxygen from the air in the lungs.  Step 9 Glue the free ends of the blue string to the surface of the lung that has the tiny blue vessels. Glue the free ends of the red string to the surface of the balloon that has the tiny red vessels. You have completed the part of the model that represents the pump that moves blood to your lungs and back to the heart.

 Step 10 Now finish your two-pump model of the heart by making a model of the pump that moves the blood to your body cells. Insert and glue the other red straw into opening D. Insert and glue the other blue straw into opening A.  Step 11 Stick a piece of red string into the open end of the second red straw. Stick a piece of blue yarn into the open end of the second blue straw.  Step 12 Obtain three or four lima beans to represent body cells. Cut about 10 to 12 pieces of thread, each about 3 centimeters long. Half of the pieces should be red. The other half should be blue. Glue one end of several red and blue threads on the surface of each bean.  Step 13 Attach the free end of the red threads to the red yarn. Attach the free ends of the blue threads to the blue yarn.

 Step 14 Be sure you can explain to someone the path that a drop o f blood would take in flowing through your model. Then write an explanation of how the blood would flow through your model.  Step 15 Write your name and the date on your completed model.

Lesson 4 Heart Disease Chapter 11: The Cardiovascular System

Heart Disease  valve abnormalities  diseases ending in -itis  heart failure  diseases of the arteries

Heart Disease  heart attack  hypertension  peripheral vascular disease  stroke

Valve Abnormalities  heart murmurs  valves do not close properly  valvular stenosis  narrowed, stiff heart valve  mitral valve prolapse  mitral valve does not fully close  palpitations

Diseases Ending in -itis  pericarditis  inflammation of heart sac  myocarditis  inflammation of heart muscle  endocarditis  inflammation of heart lining and valves

Heart Failure  heart cannot pump blood  fluid backs up in  lungs  liver  limbs  gastrointestinal tract

Diseases of the Arteries  aneurysms  weakened artery bulges, may break  coronary artery disease  atherosclerosis  angina pectoris  ischemia

Heart Attack  myocardial infarction  plaque blocks a cardiac artery  treatment  aspirin as soon as symptoms appear  20 – 60 minute window for treatment

Heart Attack

Heart Disease  hypertension  blood pressure above 140/90 mmHg  peripheral vascular disease  lack of circulation in legs  stroke  blockage of brain blood flow  ischemic stroke  hemorrhagic stroke  transient ischemic attack (TIA)

Review and Assessment True or False? 1. Hypertension is 120/80 mmHg. 2. Aspirin helps in a heart attack. 3. An aneurysm is a weakened artery. 4. Myocarditis affects the heart wall. 5. In a heart murmur the valves do not close properly.

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