Thirteen English Colonies Revolutionary Era Confederation Era Early Republic George Washington President John Adams President Thomas Jefferson President Growing Nation Civil War

Adams’ & Jefferson’s Presidencies E.Q. How did John Adams and Thomas Jefferson handle the challenges they faced as U.S. presidents?

Challenge of Political Parties

Adams’ Foreign Policy XYZ Affair – French agents tried to bribe American diplomats sent to negotiate payment for the seized ships - Americans refused to pay – “millions for defense not one cent in tribute” om/watch?v=uw0KcA 59_8s

Adams’ Domestic Issues Alien & Sedition Acts – laws passed to 1.stop immigrants from voting for the Dem-Rep’s 2.silence the Democratic-Republican newspapers

many saw them as an attack on free speech and press Raises the issue of states rights-claim that a state may nullify (refuse to enforce) federal laws that it considers to be unconstitutional

Election of 1800 Democratic-Republican Candidates –President – Thomas Jefferson –Vice President – Aaron Burr Federalist Candidates –President – John Adams –Vice President – Charles Pinkney Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied According to the Constitution the House of Reps chooses the president if no one wins a majority On 36 th ballot (two weeks before inauguration) Thomas Jefferson elected U.S.’s third president Showed that power could pass peacefully from group to group in a democracy

Jefferson’s Domestic Issues Marbury vs. Madison (1803) – - Supreme Court declared part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional

 - established the precedent of judicial review (courts authority to void laws which they consider unconstitutional)

Jefferson’s Foreign Policy Issues Embargo Act (1807) – – U.S. stopped all trade with Britain and France –Was a disaster and later repealed because it hurt U.S. shipping and economy more than Britain and France

Louisiana Purchase The use of the Mississippi River was vital to many settlers because they used it to move their products to east coast markets.

1803 – Jefferson purchased from France Doubles the size of the U.S. Gave U.S. farmers access to Mississippi River and the port of New Orleans to ship agricultural goods

May 1804 Winter Winter September 1806 Meriwether Lewis and William Clark lead an expedition to explore Louisiana to the Pacific

Sacagawea – Native American woman who helped guide the expedition

Returned with scientific observations of the land, plants, animals, and Native Americans and hair-raising adventure stories

Mathematical Instruments: surveyor’s compass hand compass quadrants telescope thermometers 2 sextants set of plotting instruments chronometer (needed to calculate longitude) Camp Supplies: 150 yards of cloth to be oiled and sewn into tents and sheets pliers chisels 30 steels for striking to make fire handsaws hatchets whetstones iron corn mill two dozen tablespoons mosquito curtains 10 1/2 pounds of fishing hooks and fishing lines 12 pounds of soap 193 pounds of "portable soup" (a thick paste concocted by boiling down beef, eggs and vegetables) three bushels of salt writing paper, ink and crayons Arms and Ammunition: 15 prototype Model 1803 muzzle-loading.54 caliber rifles knives 500 rifle flints 420 pounds of sheet lead for bullets 176 pounds of gunpowder packed in 52 lead canisters 1 long-barreled rifle that fired its bullet with compressed air, rather than by flint, spark and powder Presents for Indians: 12 dozen pocket mirrors 4,600 sewing needles 144 small scissors 10 pounds of sewing thread silk ribbons ivory combs handkerchiefs yards of bright-colored cloth 130 rolls of tobacco tomahawks that doubled as pipes 288 knives 8 brass kettles vermilion face paint 33 pounds of tiny beads of assorted colors Clothing: 45 flannel shirts coats frocks shoes woolen pants blankets knapsacks stockings Medicine and Medical Supplies: 50 dozen Dr. Rush’s patented "Rush’s pills" lancets forceps syringes tourniquets 1,300 doses of physic 1,100 hundred doses of emetic 3,500 doses of diaphoretic (sweat inducer) other drugs for blistering, salivation and increased kidney output

Examine your picture. Look at the illustration, the date, and written information. Think about possible scenarios that could have transpired given all the pieces of information on the card. Write a journal entry in the first person – as if you were there. Use all sources given on the placard (date, picture, quotes). Attempt to accurately, vividly, & appropriately describe the scene depicted on the placard. It should not go past the end of the page

Examine your placard with your group. Make sure you thoroughly analyze the illustration, map, the date, and written information. Discuss possible scenarios that could have transpired given all the pieces of information on the card. Brainstorm several possibilities. The group does not need to come to agreement on one. Write a journal entry that incorporates the ideas you liked that were brought up in group discussion

Follow these guidelines: Write from William Clark’s perspective and in the first person – as if you were there. Your entry should be dated and use all sources given on the placard (date, location, picture, quotes). It should attempt to accurately, vividly, & appropriately describe the scene depicted on the placard. It should be about ¾ to one page in length.