Course Title: Introduction to Civil Engineering (CVE 102) Course Lecturer: Engr. F. M. Alayaki Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Nigeria Course Unit: 1 Contact Time: 1 Hour

Course Content Ecology and Population. Some principles of ecology, ecosystems, biogeochemical cycles. Nitrogen cycle and Phosphorous cycle. Solar Energy and atmosphere, Population Dynamics- Some Biological Growth curves, Exponential Growth and Human Population Growth, Food Production – Human food requirements increasing the yield, use of pesticides and insecticides and effects on none target organisms, Biological Resistance.

Water Pollution. Water Resources: The Hydrologic cycle, Groundwater, Dams and Reservoirs, Irrigation and Building up of salts; Water Pollutants: Types of Pollutants, Dissolved Oxygen, Biochemical Oxygen Demand and Thermal Pollution, Treatment of water and wastes, Water Quality criteria. Water treatment fundamentals, Sewage, treatment fundamentals.

Air Pollution. General considerations, emission sources, Hazardous air pollutants, Air pollution control techniques Energy and Raw Materials. Energy and power, energy consumption, Petroleum resources, Natural Gas Resources, Energy Conservation, Electrical Energy and Power, Electric generating capacity, electric energy consumption, the generation of electricity and environmental effects.

Typical Questions 1. (i) Explain the term “Ecology” (ii) Discuss the different disciplines of ecology. 2. Briefly define the following: i.Ecosystem ii. Carbon cycle iii.Food processing iv.Hydrological cycle v.Oxygen cycle 3. (i) State the factors that can affect human population growth. (ii) Using Nigeria’s last population census figure, project the population of the Country in the next 10 years from the last census year at the annual growth rate of 3.28%. 4. (i) Discuss the effects of groundwater in engineering construction. (ii) What are the factors affecting groundwater movement?