RIVER VALLEY CIVILIZATIONS INFLUENCE ON CLASSICAL CIVILIZATIONS Lay the foundations for political centralization and organization Monument building Written.

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RIVER VALLEY CIVILIZATIONS INFLUENCE ON CLASSICAL CIVILIZATIONS Lay the foundations for political centralization and organization Monument building Written articulation of legal codes Social classes

INDIA, PERSIA, & CHINA

PERSIA Persian empire founded by Cyrus the Great Darius divides the empire into provinces that are parallel to the homelands of the different people within the empire – These people live by their own laws within the Persian empire Royal Road connects the empire for over 1500 miles Use of standardized metal coins promote trade and unify the empire

PERSIA Royal Road connects the empire for over 1500 miles Use of standardized metal coins promote trade and unify the empire Zoroaster establishes a religion in which people’s own choices determine their fate Zoroastrianism – Monotheistic worship of Ahura Mazda and sacred writings known as the Avesta; establishes early beliefs in heaven, hell, and a final judgment

INDIA Mauryan Empire under Chandragupta and Asoka (302 BC – 232 BC) – Bureaucracy, improved roads, spread of Buddhism Gupta Empire (300 AD) – Chandra Gupta I, India’s Golden Age through literature, astronomy, medicine, and mathematics

INDIA Development of Buddhism in India by Siddhartha Gautama (530 BC) Mauryan Empire under Chandragupta and Asoka (302 BC – 232 BC) – Bureaucracy, improved roads, spread of Buddhism Gupta Empire (300 AD) – Chandra Gupta I, India’s Golden Age through literature, astronomy, medicine, and mathematics

INDIA Astronomy – Earth is round Mathematics – Modern numbers, zero, decimals, value of pi to four decimal places (Aryabhata) Sophisticated medical guides and complex surgery including plastic surgery

CHINA Zhou Dynasty (1027 BC – 256 BC) – Mandate of Heaven justifies royal authority and establishes dynastic cycles – nobles rule through feudalism – Confucianism – Reform in society including social order of family and government. – Daoism – Philosophy established by Laozi that addresses order and harmony – Legalism – Stressed punishment over rewards

CHINA Qin Dynasty (256 BC – 202 BC) – Ruled by Shi Huangdi, who uses Legalist ideas to unify China through autocracy – Centralized system of highway and irrigation networks – Great Wall of China built – Mass murder of Confucian scholars

CHINA Han Dynasty (202 BC – 9 AD) – Centralized government, complex bureaucracy, civil service jobs, promotion of Confucianism, invention of paper

CHINA Tang China – Porcelain – Movable type – Gunpowder – Mechanical clock – Paper money – Magnetic compass

HOW INDIA & CHINA INFLUENCED EASTERN CIVILIZATIONS Group vs. individual accountability; stability vs. chaos Time: cyclical (Eastern) and not linear (Western) Body and mind: Western thought separate the body (physical) from the mind (spiritual) while the Eastern thought links these two as one. Nature: Eastern places more importance on nature and use it as example for how humans should live. Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, and Hinduism, including the caste system